From the entrepreneurial university to the university for the entrepreneurial society
TL;DR: The authors examines how and why the role of the university in society has evolved over time and argues that the forces shaping economic growth and performance have also influenced the corresponding role for the university.
Abstract: This article examines how and why the role of the university in society has evolved over time. The paper argues that the forces shaping economic growth and performance have also influenced the corresponding role for the university. As the economy has evolved from being driven by physical capital to knowledge, and then again to being driven by entrepreneurship, the role of the university has also evolved over time. While the entrepreneurial university was a response to generate technology transfer and knowledge-based startups, the role of the university in the entrepreneurial society has broadened to focus on enhancing entrepreneurship capital and facilitating behavior to prosper in an entrepreneurial society.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the economic impact of entrepreneurial universities' teaching, research, and entrepreneurial activities on the United Kingdom's economic performance and find that the highest economic impact is associated with knowledge transfer (knowledge capital).
377 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of entrepreneurial universities as drivers of innovation and entrepreneurship activities is examined, and an overview of the contributions made in this special issue within the framework is presented, along with an agenda for future research and discuss implications for university managers, policy makers, and other academic agents involved in the development of entrepreneurial/innovation ecosystems.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper and the special issue is to improve our understanding of the theoretical, empirical, managerial and political implications of emerging models of entrepreneurial universities in the new social and economic landscape. We accomplish this objective by examining the role of entrepreneurial universities as drivers of innovation and entrepreneurship activities. Our analysis starts with an overview by outlining an overarching framework. This allows us to highlight the contributions made in this special issue within the framework. We conclude by outlining an agenda for future research and discuss implications for university managers, policy makers, and other academic agents involved in the development of entrepreneurial/innovation ecosystems.
193 citations
Cites background from "From the entrepreneurial university..."
...As a result, the emerging role of a modern entrepreneurial university is dichotomous, focusing both innovation and entrepreneurship that contributes to innovation, competiveness, and economic growth (Audretsch 2014; Urbano and Guerrero 2013)....
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...Audretsch (2012) further argues that the role of universities is more than generate technology transfer (patents, spin-offs and start-ups), and rather, contribute and provide leadership for creating entrepreneurial thinking, actions, institutions and entrepreneurial capital....
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...As a result, an increased importance and significance of the university in terms of its impact on the economy are observed within the knowledge and entrepreneurial economy (Audretsch 2014)....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a taxonomy of social network evolution among spinoff companies is presented, showing that the contributions of universities depend on the existence and interrelationship of loosely coordinated, heterogeneous knowledge intermediaries guided by a strong collective ethos.
Abstract: Universities play a well-established role in regional economic growth, one contribution to which is academic entrepreneurship, the establishment and support of faculty and graduate student spinoff companies based on university research. A vibrant literature examines the general contributions of universities within regional innovation ecosystems while another strain of literature examines individual intermediaries, such as technology licensing offices and incubators, in support of the university’s economic development mission. Little research exists, however, that conceptualizes the structure and function of an entrepreneurial university ecosystem. This paper seeks to address this gap in the literature by examining the composition, contributions, and evolution of social networks among faculty and graduate student entrepreneurs and the role of knowledge intermediaries therein. While our investigation supports an emerging literature that finds academic entrepreneurs are typically limited by their own homophilous social networks, we also find that spinoff success relies upon academic and non-academic contacts who connect faculty and students to other social networks important to spinoff success. We investigate how by creating a taxonomy of social network evolution among spinoffs; the results show that the contributions of universities depend on the existence and interrelationship of loosely coordinated, heterogeneous knowledge intermediaries guided by a strong collective ethos to encourage and support academic entrepreneurship.
177 citations
TL;DR: The role of technology transfer in a global economy was discussed at the 2011 Technology Transfer Society (TED) special issue as discussed by the authors, which summarizes the main topics and themes covered by a selection of papers and keynotes presented at the annual conference.
Abstract: The emergence of new technologies is acting both as a driving force and an enabling factor to globalization. At the same time, these technologies are changing rapidly, shortening the life cycles of products and the underlying processes, and raising technology costs. Technology transfer from academic and scientific institutions has thus transformed into a strategic variable for companies and nations to cope with these challenges in a global economy. This article introduces the rationale for the special issue on the role of technology transfer in a global economy. The paper summarizes the main topics and themes covered by a selection of papers and keynotes presented at the annual conference of the Technology Transfer Society in 2011, as well as providing some pointers towards a future research agenda.
173 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a systematic review of the state of knowledge and develop a novel framework for the enactment of the Third Mission (TM), which is a multidisciplinary, complex, evolving phenomenon linked to the social and economic mission of Universities.
168 citations
Cites background from "From the entrepreneurial university..."
...KT is a function of the TM and includes the commercialization of academic knowledge, patent activity, the linkage between industry and universities, license agreements and the creation of spin-offs (Audretsch, 2014; Trencher et al., 2014; Yuan et al., 2016; O'Reilly et al., 2019)....
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...The TM promotes the active engagement of universities in KT activities, which are an important source of innovation and an engine of economic development for regions (Perkmann and Walsh, 2008; Audretsch, 2014)....
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...versities, license agreements and the creation of spin-offs (Audretsch, 2014; Trencher et al., 2014; Yuan et al., 2016; O'Reilly et al., 2019)....
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...The TM promotes the active engagement of universities in KT activities, which are an important source of innovation and an engine of economic development for regions (Perkmann and Walsh, 2008; Audretsch, 2014)....
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References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a model of long run growth is proposed and examples of possible growth patterns are given. But the model does not consider the long run of the economy and does not take into account the characteristics of interest and wage rates.
Abstract: I. Introduction, 65. — II. A model of long-run growth, 66. — III. Possible growth patterns, 68. — IV. Examples, 73. — V. Behavior of interest and wage rates, 78. — VI. Extensions, 85. — VII. Qualifications, 91.
20,482 citations
"From the entrepreneurial university..." refers background in this paper
...Robert Solow (1956) was awarded a Nobel Prize for his pioneering research identifying the driving forces underlying economic growth....
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01 Jan 1988
Abstract: This paper considers the prospects for constructing a neoclassical theory of growth and international trade that is consistent with some of the main features of economic development. Three models are considered and compared to evidence: a model emphasizing physical capital accumulation and technological change, a model emphasizing human capital accumulation through schooling, and a model emphasizing specialized human capital accumulation through learning-by-doing.
19,093 citations
"From the entrepreneurial university..." refers background in this paper
...The salient feature of the endogenous growth model introduced by Romer (1986), and subsequently refined by Lucas (1988), was the explicit inclusion of knowledge in the model, rather than leaving it as an undetermined residual, as had been the case in the Solow 4 Halberstam (1993, p. 118) points out…...
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a fully specified model of long-run growth in which knowledge is assumed to be an input in production that has increasing marginal productivity, which is essentially a competitive equilibrium model with endogenous technological change.
Abstract: This paper presents a fully specified model of long-run growth in which knowledge is assumed to be an input in production that has increasing marginal productivity. It is essentially a competitive equilibrium model with endogenous technological change. In contrast to models based on diminishing returns, growth rates can be increasing over time, the effects of small disturbances can be amplified by the actions of private agents, and large countries may always grow faster than small countries. Long-run evidence is offered in support of the empirical relevance of these possibilities.
18,200 citations
"From the entrepreneurial university..." refers background in this paper
...The salient feature of the endogenous growth model introduced by Romer (1986), and subsequently refined by Lucas (1988), was the explicit inclusion of knowledge in the model, rather than leaving it as an undetermined residual, as had been the case in the Solow 4 Halberstam (1993, p. 118) points out…...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the prospects for constructing a neoclassical theory of growth and international trade that is consistent with some of the main features of economic development, and compare three models and compared to evidence.
16,965 citations
Book•
01 Jun 1980
TL;DR: The Endless Frontier is recognized as the landmark argument for the essential role of science in society and government's responsibility to support scientific endeavors as discussed by the authors, and it remains vital in making the case that scientific progress is necessary to a nation's health, security, and prosperity.
Abstract: The classic case for why government must support science—with a new essay by physicist and former congressman Rush Holt on what democracy needs from science today
Science, the Endless Frontier is recognized as the landmark argument for the essential role of science in society and government’s responsibility to support scientific endeavors. First issued when Vannevar Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development during the Second World War, this classic remains vital in making the case that scientific progress is necessary to a nation’s health, security, and prosperity. Bush’s vision set the course for US science policy for more than half a century, building the world’s most productive scientific enterprise. Today, amid a changing funding landscape and challenges to science’s very credibility, Science, the Endless Frontier resonates as a powerful reminder that scientific progress and public well-being alike depend on the successful symbiosis between science and government.
This timely new edition presents this iconic text alongside a new companion essay from scientist and former congressman Rush Holt, who offers a brief introduction and consideration of what society needs most from science now. Reflecting on the report’s legacy and relevance along with its limitations, Holt contends that the public’s ability to cope with today’s issues—such as public health, the changing climate and environment, and challenging technologies in modern society—requires a more capacious understanding of what science can contribute. Holt considers how scientists should think of their obligation to society and what the public should demand from science, and he calls for a renewed understanding of science’s value for democracy and society at large.
A touchstone for concerned citizens, scientists, and policymakers, Science, the Endless Frontier endures as a passionate articulation of the power and potential of science.
1,161 citations