Fully sealed, high-brightness carbon-nanotube field-emission display
TL;DR: In this article, a fully sealed field-emission display 4.5 in. in size has been fabricated using single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT)-organic binders.
Abstract: A fully sealed field-emission display 4.5 in. in size has been fabricated using single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT)-organic binders. The fabricated displays were fully scalable at low temperature, below 415 °C, and CNTs were vertically aligned using paste squeeze and surface rubbing techniques. The turn-on fields of 1 V/μm and field emission current of 1.5 mA at 3 V/μm (J=90 μA/cm2) were observed. Brightness of 1800 cd/m2 at 3.7 V/μm was observed on the entire area of a 4.5 in. panel from the green phosphor-indium–tin–oxide glass. The fluctuation of the current was found to be about 7% over a 4.5 in. cathode area.
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TL;DR: The theoretical predictions and the experimental techniques that are most often used for the challenging tasks of visualizing and manipulating these tiny structures are reviewed and the computational approaches taken, including ab initio quantum mechanical simulations, classical molecular dynamics, and continuum models are outlined.
Abstract: Soon after the discovery of carbon nanotubes, it was realized that the theoretically predicted mechanical properties of these interesting structures–including high strength, high stiffness, low density and structural perfection–could make them ideal for a wealth of technological applications. The experimental verification, and in some cases refutation, of these predictions, along with a number of computer simulation methods applied to their modeling, has led over the past decade to an improved but by no means complete understanding of the mechanics of carbon nanotubes. We review the theoretical predictions and discuss the experimental techniques that are most often used for the challenging tasks of visualizing and manipulating these tiny structures. We also outline the computational approaches that have been taken, including ab initio quantum mechanical simulations, classical molecular dynamics, and continuum models. The development of multiscale and multiphysics models and simulation tools naturally arises as a result of the link between basic scientific research and engineering application; while this issue is still under intensive study, we present here some of the approaches to this topic. Our concentration throughout is on the exploration of mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, bending stiffness, buckling criteria, and tensile and compressive strengths. Finally, we discuss several examples of exciting applications that take advantage of these properties, including nanoropes, filled nanotubes, nanoelectromechanical systems, nanosensors, and nanotube-reinforced polymers. This review article cites 349 references. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1490129#
1,097 citations
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...We review the theoretical predictions and discuss the experimental techniques that are most often used for the challenging tasks of visualizing and manipulating these tiny structures....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a field electron emission from vertically well-aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires, which were grown by the vapor deposition method at a low temperature of 550 °C, was investigated.
Abstract: Field electron emission from vertically well-aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires, which were grown by the vapor deposition method at a low temperature of 550 °C, was investigated. The high-purity ZnO nanowires showed a single crystalline wurtzite structure. The turn-on voltage for the ZnO nanowires was found to be about 6.0 V/μm at current density of 0.1 μA/cm2. The emission current density from the ZnO nanowires reached 1 mA/cm2 at a bias field of 11.0 V/μm, which could give sufficient brightness as a field emitter in a flat panel display. Therefore, the well-aligned ZnO nanowires grown at such low temperature can promise the application of a glass-sealed flat panel display in a near future.
1,063 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of recent advances in assembly techniques for forming ultrathin carbon nanotubes, modeling and experimental work that reveals their collective properties, and engineering aspects of implementation in sensors and in electronic devices and circuits with various levels of complexity.
Abstract: Ultrathin films of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) represent an attractive, emerging class of material, with properties that can approach the exceptional electrical, mechanical, and optical characteristics of individual SWNTs, in a format that, unlike isolated tubes, is readily suitable for scalable integration into devices. These features suggest the potential for realistic applications as conducting or semiconducting layers in diverse types of electronic, optoelectronic and sensor systems. This article reviews recent advances in assembly techniques for forming such films, modeling and experimental work that reveals their collective properties, and engineering aspects of implementation in sensors and in electronic devices and circuits with various levels of complexity. A concluding discussion provides some perspectives on possibilities for future work in fundamental and applied aspects.
1,060 citations
908 citations
TL;DR: A review of current research activities on ZnO nanorods (or nanowires) can be found in this paper, where a wide range of interesting properties such as luminescence, field emission, gas sensing and electron transport, as well as various intriguing applications are discussed.
Abstract: This paper presents a review of current research activities on ZnO nanorods (or nanowires). We begin this paper with a variety of physical and chemical methods that have been used to synthesize ZnO nanorods (or nanowires). There follows a discussion of techniques for fabricating aligned arrays, heterostructures and doping of ZnO nanorods. At the end of this paper, we discuss a wide range of interesting properties such as luminescence, field emission, gas sensing and electron transport, associated with ZnO nanorods, as well as various intriguing applications. We conclude with personal remarks on the outlook for research on ZnO nanorods.
791 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a high-intensity electron gun based on field emission from a film of aligned carbon nanotubes has been made, which consists of a nanotube film with a 1-millimeter-diameter grid about 20 micrometers above it.
Abstract: A high-intensity electron gun based on field emission from a film of aligned carbon nanotubes has been made. The gun consists of a nanotube film with a 1-millimeter-diameter grid about 20 micrometers above it. Field-emission current densities of about 0.1 milliampere per square centimeter were observed for applied voltages as low as 200 volts, and current densities greater than 100 milliamperes per square centimeter have been realized at 700 volts. The gun is air-stable, easy and inexpensive to fabricate, and functions stably and reliably for long times (short-term fluctuations are on the order of 10 percent). The entire gun is only about 0.2 millimeter thick and can be produced with virtually no restrictions on its area, from less than 1 square millimeter to hundreds of square centimeters, making it suitable for flat panel display applications.
3,103 citations
TL;DR: The synthesis of massive arrays of monodispersed carbon nanotubes that are self-oriented on patterned porous silicon and plain silicon substrates is reported and the mechanisms of nanotube growth and self-orientation are elucidated.
Abstract: The synthesis of massive arrays of monodispersed carbon nanotubes that are self-oriented on patterned porous silicon and plain silicon substrates is reported. The approach involves chemical vapor deposition, catalytic particle size control by substrate design, nanotube positioning by patterning, and nanotube self-assembly for orientation. The mechanisms of nanotube growth and self-orientation are elucidated. The well-ordered nanotubes can be used as electron field emission arrays. Scaling up of the synthesis process should be entirely compatible with the existing semiconductor processes, and should allow the development of nanotube devices integrated into silicon technology.
3,093 citations
TL;DR: Large panels of aligned carbon nanotubes can be made under conditions that are suitable for device fabrication under plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition.
Abstract: Free-standing aligned carbon nanotubes have previously been grown above 700°C on mesoporous silica embedded with iron nanoparticles. Here, carbon nanotubes aligned over areas up to several square centimeters were grown on nickel-coated glass below 666°C by plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition. Acetylene gas was used as the carbon source and ammonia gas was used as a catalyst and dilution gas. Nanotubes with controllable diameters from 20 to 400 nanometers and lengths from 0.1 to 50 micrometers were obtained. Using this method, large panels of aligned carbon nanotubes can be made under conditions that are suitable for device fabrication.
2,530 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, Chen et al. describe the growth of a single-wall carbon nano tube on each non-nickel dot, and show that the tube can be constructed in a single pass.
Abstract: “Fullerene Nanotubes: C1,000,000 and Beyond”, Boris I. Yakobson and Richard E. Smalley, American Scientist, vol. 85, pp. 324–337, Jul-Aug. 1997. “Carbon Rings and Cages in the Growth of Singled-Walled Carbon Nanotubes”, Ching-Hwa Kiang, Journal of Chemi cal Physics, vol. 113, No. 11, pp. 4763–4766, Sep. 15, 2000. “Growth of a Single Freestanding Multiwall Carbon Nano tube on Each Nonnickel Dot”, Z.F. Ren, Z.P. Huang, D.Z. Wang and J.G. Wen, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 75. No. 8. pp. 1086–1088, Aug. 23, 1999.
719 citations