Functional analysis of potential cleavage sites in the MERS-coronavirus spike protein
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...TMPRSS2, a type-II transmembrane serine protease, cleaves the viral Spike after receptor binding to enhance entry of MERSCoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (Hoffmann et al., 2020b; Kleine-Weber et al., 2018; Matsuyama et al., 2020; Millet and Whittaker, 2014; Park et al., 2016; Shulla et al., 2011; Zang et al., 2020)....
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...Thus, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein (MERS-S) is activated by a two-step process: MERS-S is first cleaved by furin at the S1/S2 site in infected cells, which is required for subsequent TMPRSS2-mediated cleavage at the S2 0 site ( Figure 1A ) during viral entry into lung cells (Kleine-Weber et al., 2018; Park et al., 2016; Millet and Whittaker, 2014) ....
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...In this context, it is noteworthy that Caco-2 cell entry driven by the S protein of SARS-CoV also relied on TMPRSS2 while entry driven by the glycoprotein of Ebola virus, which is known to depend on cathepsin B and cathepsin L activity 30 , was blocked by the cathepsin B/L inhibitor MDL28170 (data not shown)....
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"Functional analysis of potential cl..." refers background in this paper
...The S protein is synthesized as an inactive precursor and is converted into its active form upon cleavage by host cell proteases 8, 9 ....
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...SCientifiC REPORtS | (2018) 8 :16597 | DOI: 10 .1038/s41598-018-34859-w sufficient for S protein-driven entry....
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