Functional measurement and psychophysical judgment.
About: This article is published in Psychological Review.The article was published on 1970-05-01. It has received 581 citations till now.
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01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: This chapter proposes a theoretical framework structured around the notion of a set of active schemas, organized according to the particular action sequences of which they are a part, awaiting the appropriate set of conditions so that they can become selected to control action.
Abstract: Much effort has been made to understand the role of attention in perception; much less effort has been placed on the role attention plays in the control of action Our goal in this chapter is to account for the role of attention in action, both when performance is automatic and when it is under deliberate conscious control We propose a theoretical framework structured around the notion of a set of active schemas, organized according to the particular action sequences of which they are a part, awaiting the appropriate set of conditions so that they can become selected to control action The analysis is therefore centered around actions, primarily external actions, but the same principles apply to internal actions—actions that involve only the cognitive processing mechanisms One major emphasis in the study of attentional processes is the distinction between controlled and automatic processing of perceptual inputs (eg, Shiffrin & Schneider, 1977) Our work here can be seen as complementary to the distinction between controlled and automatic processes: we examine action rather than perception; we emphasize the situations in which deliberate, conscious control of activity is desired rather than those that are automatic
4,060 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss various issues involved in implementing conjoint analysis and describe some new technical developments and application areas for the methodology, which has been applied to a wide variety of problems in consumer research.
Abstract: Since 1971 conjoint analysis has been applied to a wide variety of problems in consumer research. This paper discusses various issues involved in implementing conjoint analysis and describes some new technical developments and application areas for the methodology.
3,193 citations
TL;DR: This work examines the models that have been developed for describing and prescribing the use of information in decision making, the major experimental paradigms, and the major empirical results and conclusions of these two approaches.
1,878 citations
Cites background from "Functional measurement and psychoph..."
...An averaging model constrains the weights to sum to unity and this constraint provides a basis for estimating both scale values and weights (Anderson, 1970)....
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Book•
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present and elaborate on past models developed to explain this type of decision making and present a new perspective of naturalistic decision making, which they argue is unproductive since it is so heavily grounded in economics and mathematics.
Abstract: This book describes the new perspective of naturalistic decision making. The point of departure is how people make decisions in complex, time-pressured, ambiguous, and changing environments. The purpose of this book is to present and elaborate on past models developed to explain this type of decision making. The central philosophy of the book is that classical decision theory has been unproductive since it is so heavily grounded in economics and mathematics. The contributors believe there is little to be learned from laboratory studies about how people actually handle difficult and interesting tasks; therefore, the book presents a critique of classical decision theory. The models of naturalistic decision making described by the contributors were derived to explain the behavior of firefighters, business people, jurors, nuclear power plant operators, and command-and-control officers. The models are unique in that they address the way people use experience to frame situations and adopt courses of action. The models explain the strengths of skilled decision makers. Naturalistic decision research requires the examination of field settings, and a section of the book covers methods for conducting meaningful research outside the laboratory. In addition, since his approach has applied value, the book covers issues of training and decision support systems.
1,602 citations
Cites background from "Functional measurement and psychoph..."
...In an effort to explain the contradictions between rational and irra tional performance, Anderson (1990) has offered the notion of "adap tiveness of cogilition," a notion relevant to this volume....
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...Proposition 6 follows Anderson (1983), Dewey (1933), and Cyert and March (1963), who describe uncertainty as doubts caused by a percep tion of a problem....
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...Anderson (1986) and others, for example, have noted the social advantages of overconfidence in one's ability to control events. Tribe (1971) has argued that explicit quantification of...
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...Anderson (1983) describes the development of procedural knowl...
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...Anderson (1986) and others, for example, have noted the social advantages of overconfidence in one's ability to control events....
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1,532 citations
References
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Book•
01 Jan 1966
TL;DR: This book discusses statistical decision theory and sensory processes in signal detection theory and psychophysics and describes how these processes affect decision-making.
Abstract: Book on statistical decision theory and sensory processes in signal detection theory and psychophysics
11,820 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that stage-durations may be additive without being stochastically independent, a result that is relevant to the formulation of mathematical models of RT.
3,075 citations
TL;DR: The results of two kinds of test applications of a computer program for multidimensional scaling on the basis of essentially nonmetric data are reported to measures of interstimulus similarity and confusability obtained from some actual psychological experiments.
Abstract: A computer program is described that is designed to reconstruct the metric configuration of a set of points in Euclidean space on the basis of essentially nonmetric information about that configuration. A minimum set of Cartesian coordinates for the points is determined when the only available information specifies for each pair of those points—not the distance between them—but some unknown, fixed monotonic function of that distance. The program is proposed as a tool for reductively analyzing several types of psychological data, particularly measures of interstimulus similarity or confusability, by making explicit the multidimensional structure underlying such data.
2,461 citations