Functional neuroanatomy of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus: its roles in the regulation of arousal and autonomic function part I: principles of functional organisation.
Citations
733 citations
Cites background from "Functional neuroanatomy of the nora..."
...The LC might be a key node within the neural circuitry that also controls the muscles of the iris (Samuels & Szabadi, 2008), so that activity within this system gets reflected in the dilation of the eye’s pupil....
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545 citations
Cites background from "Functional neuroanatomy of the nora..."
...The regions that were activated after social defeat are integrated in catecholaminergic pathways and implicated in fear and threat appraisal (Samuels and Szabadi, 2008; Roozendaal et al., 2009; Ulrich-Lai and Herman, 2009)....
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458 citations
Cites background from "Functional neuroanatomy of the nora..."
...The LC is the primary source of cortical NE and helps determine arousal levels (Berridge & Waterhouse 2003; Berridge et al. 2012; Samuels & Szabadi 2008a; 2008b)....
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422 citations
Cites background from "Functional neuroanatomy of the nora..."
...First, converging evidence from electrophysiology (Rajkowski et al., 1993, 1994), pharmacology (Phillips et al., 2000), anatomy (Samuels and Szabadi, 2008 for review), and human imaging (Sterpenich et al., 2006; but see Astafiev et al., 2010) points to a tight link between pupil dilation under…...
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...Several lines of evidence converge in favor of a link between pupil dilation and NA levels (Samuels and Szabadi, 2008 for review), including anatomy (Nieuwenhuis et al., 2011 for review), pharmacology in healthy observers and patients (Koss, 1986; Phillips et al., 2000; Jepma et al., 2011), monkey…...
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412 citations
Cites background from "Functional neuroanatomy of the nora..."
...The LC is a small ucleus in the brainstem that plays a central role in the regulation f physiological arousal (Samuels and Szabadi, 2008) and cognitive unctioning (Sara, 2009)....
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...…and pupil dilation has been established with a variety of methods, including human and animal studies with pharmacological manipulations and brain imaging techniques (Samuels and Szabadi, 2008; Sara, 2009), allowing researchers to draw inferences about neural processes from pupillometry data....
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...By inhibiting the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and the pupil’s constricting muscle, LC activity therefore indirectly dilates the pupil (Beatty and Lucero-Wagoner, 2000; Loewenfeld and Lowenstein, 1993; Samuels and Szabadi, 2008)....
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...At the same time, LC activity suppresses sleepiness through its substantial inhibitory projections to sleep-promoting GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain and to other structures related to low arousal throughout the central nervous system (Samuels and Szabadi, 2008)....
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...Samuels and Szabadi (2008) have provided a comprehensive review of the anatomical structures underlying the LC’s role in arousal and autonomic function....
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References
4,814 citations
"Functional neuroanatomy of the nora..." refers background in this paper
...The LC, a pontine nucleus located near the pontomesencephalic junction, is the largest group of noradrenergic neurones in the central nervous system [70, 174, 261]....
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4,014 citations
3,758 citations
"Functional neuroanatomy of the nora..." refers background in this paper
...The LC projects to areas throughout the cerebellum [208, 210, 261, 268, 369] and in particular to the cerebellar cortex [301, 320]....
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...The LC also innervates the hippocampus, providing the sole source of noradrenaline to the hippocampal neurones [110, 174, 204, 208, 210, 261, 277, 369]....
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3,558 citations
"Functional neuroanatomy of the nora..." refers background in this paper
...The orexin system originates solely in the LH/PF, with fibres projecting widely throughout the brainstem and thalamus [78]....
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3,255 citations
"Functional neuroanatomy of the nora..." refers background in this paper
...The LH/PF densely innervates the neurones of the LC [54, 193, 261] with fibres that contain the orexin peptides [74, 97, 138, 280] (see Fig....
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