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Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer

01 Jan 2008-
About: The article was published on 2008-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 11281 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Mass transfer.
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01 Jan 2011

6,700 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A critical review of the available literature on the major thermal issues for lithium-ion batteries is presented in this article, where specific attention is paid to the effects of temperature and thermal management on capacity/power fade, thermal runaway, and pack electrical imbalance.
Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are well-suited for fully electric and hybrid electric vehicles due to their high specific energy and energy density relative to other rechargeable cell chemistries. However, these batteries have not been widely deployed commercially in these vehicles yet due to safety, cost, and poor low temperature performance, which are all challenges related to battery thermal management. In this paper, a critical review of the available literature on the major thermal issues for lithium-ion batteries is presented. Specific attention is paid to the effects of temperature and thermal management on capacity/power fade, thermal runaway, and pack electrical imbalance and to the performance of lithium-ion cells at cold temperatures. Furthermore, insights gained from previous experimental and modeling investigations are elucidated. These include the need for more accurate heat generation measurements, improved modeling of the heat generation rate, and clarity in the relative magnitudes of the various thermal effects observed at high charge and discharge rates seen in electric vehicle applications. From an analysis of the literature, the requirements for lithium-ion thermal management systems for optimal performance in these applications are suggested, and it is clear that no existing thermal management strategy or technology meets all these requirements.

1,458 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review various studies on resource potential of natural gas hydrate, the current research progress in laboratory settings, and several recent field trials, and discuss possible limitation in each production method and the challenges to be addressed for large scale production.

1,236 citations

Patent
01 Oct 2010
TL;DR: A control circuit of a surgical device is described in this paper, which includes a first circuit portion coupled to at least one switch operable between an open state and a closed state.
Abstract: A control circuit of a surgical device is disclosed. The control circuit includes a first circuit portion coupled to at least one switch operable between an open state and a closed state. The first circuit portion communicates with a surgical generator over a conductor pair to receive a control signal to determine a state of the at least one switch.

1,056 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of thermal energy storage system design methodologies and the factors to be considered at different hierarchical levels for concentrating solar power (CSP) plants is presented.

1,031 citations