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Fundamentals of Photochemistry
01 Jan 1978-
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TL;DR: In this article, the potential use of sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation technologies (SR-AOTs) for the degradation of the naturally occurring hepatotoxin, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was explored.
Abstract: This study explores the potential use of sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation technologies (SR-AOTs) for the degradation of the naturally occurring hepatotoxin, microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The generation of sulfate radicals was achieved by activation of the oxidants persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) through electrophilic transition metal cations (Ag+ and Co2+, respectively), radiation (UV 300 − has similar redox potential to hydroxyl radical (HO ), to the best of our knowledge, SR-AOTs have not been tested for the degradation of cyanotoxins. In this study, PMS was activated very efficiently with Co2+ at neutral pH and increasing catalyst concentration resulted in dramatic increase of the initial rates of degradation that reached a plateau for CCo(II) ≥ 1 mg. Based on the optimum pH conditions for each system, the efficiency order is Co2+/PMS > Fe2+/H2O2 ≫ Ag+/PS, which we believe is associated with the energy of the lower unoccupied molecular orbital of the oxidants. When UV (300 Since, the UV lamps used in the study emit light at a range of wavelengths (300
523 citations
TL;DR: Polaritonic chemistry with organic molecules has been studied in this paper, where strong coupling and the associated formation of polaritons, hybrid light-matter excitations, lead to energy shifts in such systems that can amount to a large fraction of the uncoupled transition energy.
Abstract: We present an overview of the general concepts of polaritonic chemistry with organic molecules, i.e., the manipulation of chemical structure that can be achieved through strong coupling between confined light modes and organic molecules. Strong coupling and the associated formation of polaritons, hybrid light–matter excitations, lead to energy shifts in such systems that can amount to a large fraction of the uncoupled transition energy. This has recently been shown to significantly alter the chemical structure of the coupled molecules, which opens the possibility to manipulate and control reactions. We discuss the current state of theory for describing these changes and present several applications, with a particular focus on the collective effects observed when many molecules are involved in strong coupling.
356 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that DMS is readily photo-oxygenated in the presence of micromolar amounts of photosensitizers such as methylene blue, rose bengal, anthroquinone and humic acid.
248 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the photophysical properties of two 1,2-benzopyrone dyes, coumarin-152 (C152) and cymarrin-481 (C481), have been investigated using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements.
Abstract: Solvent polarity and temperature effect on the photophysical properties of two 1,2-benzopyrone dyes, namely, coumarin-152 (C152) and coumarin-481 (C481), have been investigated using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements. In nonpolar (NP) solvents (e.g., hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, 2-methylpentane, and 3-methylpentane), the Stokes' shifts (Δν) and fluorescence lifetimes (τf) for both the dyes are unexpectedly lower. Excluding NP solvents, for all other solvents the Δν correlates linearly with the solvent polarity function, Δf = {(e − 1)/(2e + 1) − (n2 − 1)/(2n2 + 1)}, and the slopes of these plots indicate that the fluorescent states for both the dyes in these solvents are of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character. The unusually lower Δν and τf values in NP solvents have been rationalized considering nonpolar structures for the fluorescent states of the dyes in these solvents. The fluorescence quantum yields (Φf) and τf values of the two dyes also show an unusual ...
214 citations
TL;DR: Wavelength-selective fluorescence comprises a set of approaches based on the red edge effect in fluorescence spectroscopy which can be used to directly monitor the environment and dynamics around a fluorophore in a complex biological system and serves as a powerful tool to monitor the organization and dynamics of probes and peptides bound to membranes, micelles, and reverse micells.
139 citations
Cites background from "Fundamentals of Photochemistry"
...In general, fluorescence emission is governed by Kasha’s rule which states that fluorescence normally occurs from the zero vibrational level of the first excited electronic state of a molecule (Birks, 1970; Rohatgi-Mukherjee, 1978)....
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