Fundamentals of soil behavior
01 Jan 1976-
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed an understanding of the factors determining and controlling the engineering properties of soil, the factors controlling their magnitude, and the influences of environment and time, and developed a two-part book which contains the following chapters: Part 1 - the nature of soils; bonding, crystal structure and surface characteristics; soil mineralogy; soil formation and soil deposits; determination of soil composition; soil water; clay-water-electrolyte system; soil fabric and its measurement; Part 2 - soil behavior; soil composition and engineering properties; effective, intergranular
Abstract: The book is intended to develop an understanding of the factors determining and controlling the engineering properties of soil, the factors controlling their magnitude, and the influences of environment and time. The two-part book contains the following chapters: Part 1 - the nature of soils; bonding, crystal structure and surface characteristics; soil mineralogy; soil formation and soil deposits; determination of soil composition; soil water; clay-water-electrolyte system; soil fabric and its measurement; Part 2 - soil behavior; soil composition and engineering properties; effective, intergranular and total stress; soil structure and its stability; fabric, structure and property relationships, volume change behavior; strength and deformation behavior; and, conduction phenomena. /TRRL/
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TL;DR: In this article, a study on the influence of the plasticity index (PI) on the cyclic stress-strain parameters of saturated soils needed for site response evaluations and seismic microzonation is presented.
Abstract: A study on the influence of the plasticity index (PI) on the cyclic stress‐strain parameters of saturated soils needed for site‐response evaluations and seismic microzonation is presented. Ready‐to‐use charts are included, showing the effect of PI on the location of the modulus reduction curve G/Gmax versus cyclic shear strain γc, and on the material damping ratio λ versus γc curve. The charts are based on experimental data from 16 publications encompassing normally and overconsolidated clays (OCR=1-15), as well as sands. It is shown that PI is the main factor controlling G/Gmax and λ for a wide variety of soils; if for a given γc PI increases, G/Gmax rises and λ is reduced. Similar evidence is presented showing the influence of PI on the rate of modulus degradation with the number of cycles in normally consolidated clays. It is concluded that soils with higher plasticity tend to have a more linear cyclic stress‐strain response at small strains and to degrade less at larger γc than soils with a lower PI. ...
1,608 citations
TL;DR: A detailed review compiles thorough literature of current research over the last ten years (2006-2016) and highlights the key findings of adsorption studies that use clay minerals as an adsorbent.
1,329 citations
TL;DR: The feasibility of using two important and common clay minerals, kaolinite and montmorillonite, as adsorbents for removal of toxic heavy metals has been reviewed.
1,283 citations
TL;DR: Pore-throat sizes in siliciclastic rocks form a continuum from the submillimeter to the nanometer scale as mentioned in this paper, which provides a useful perspective for considering the emplacement of petroleum in consolidated siliclastics and fluid flow through fine-grained source rocks now being exploited as reservoirs.
Abstract: Pore-throat sizes in siliciclastic rocks form a continuum from the submillimeter to the nanometer scale. That continuum is documented in this article using previously published data on the pore and pore-throat sizes of conventional reservoir rocks, tight-gas sandstones, and shales. For measures of central tendency(mean,mode,median),pore-throatsizes(diameters) are generally greater than2 mm in conventionalreservoir rocks, range from about 2 to 0.03 mm in tight-gas sandstones, and rangefrom0.1to0.005 mminshales.Hydrocarbonmolecules, asphaltenes, ring structures, paraffins, and methane, form another continuum, ranging from 100 A ˚ (0.01 mm) for asphaltenes to 3.8 A ˚ (0.00038 mm) for methane. The pore-throat size continuum provides a useful perspective for considering (1) the emplacement of petroleum in consolidated siliciclastics and (2) fluid flow through fine-grained source rocks now being exploited as reservoirs.
1,083 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the suction stress characteristic curve (SSCC) for unsaturated soil is presented, and the experimental evidence shows that both Mohr-Coulomb failure and critical state failure can be well represented by the SSCC concept.
Abstract: The concept of the suction stress characteristic curve (SSCC) for unsaturated soil is presented. Particle-scale equilibrium analyses are employed to distinguish three types of interparticle forces: (1) active forces transmitted through the soil grains; (2) active forces at or near interparticle contacts; and (3) passive, or counterbalancing, forces at or near interparticle contacts. It is proposed that the second type of force, which includes physicochemical forces, cementation forces, surface tension forces, and the force arising from negative pore-water pressure, may be conceptually combined into a macroscopic stress called suction stress. Suction stress characteristically depends on degree of saturation, water content, or matric suction through the SSCC, thus paralleling well-established concepts of the soil–water characteristic curve and hydraulic conductivity function for unsaturated soils. The existence and behavior of the SSCC are experimentally validated by considering unsaturated shear strength data for a variety of soil types in the literature. Its characteristic nature and a methodology for its determination are demonstrated. The experimental evidence shows that both Mohr–Coulomb failure and critical state failure can be well represented by the SSCC concept. The SSCC provides a potentially simple and practical way to describe the state of stress in unsaturated soil.
715 citations