Fundamentals of vehicle–track coupled dynamics
TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional vehicle-track coupled dynamics model is developed in which a typical railway passenger vehicle is modelled as a 35-degree-of-freedom multi-body system.
Abstract: This paper presents a framework to investigate the dynamics of overall vehicle-track systems with emphasis on theoretical modelling, numerical simulation and experimental validation. A three-dimensional vehicle-track coupled dynamics model is developed in which a typical railway passenger vehicle is modelled as a 35-degree-of-freedom multi-body system. A traditional ballasted track is modelled as two parallel continuous beams supported by a discrete-elastic foundation of three layers with sleepers and ballasts included. The non-ballasted slab track is modelled as two parallel continuous beams supported by a series of elastic rectangle plates on a viscoelastic foundation. The vehicle subsystem and the track subsystem are coupled through a wheel-rail spatial coupling model that considers rail vibrations in vertical, lateral and torsional directions. Random track irregularities expressed by track spectra are considered as system excitations by means of a time-frequency transformation technique. A fast explicit integration method is applied to solve the large nonlinear equations of motion of the system in the time domain. A computer program named TTISIM is developed to predict the vertical and lateral dynamic responses of the vehicle-track coupled system. The theoretical model is validated by full-scale field experiments, including the speed-up test on the Beijing-Qinhuangdao line and the high-speed running test on the Qinhuangdao-Shenyang line. Differences in the dynamic responses analysed by the vehicle-track coupled dynamics and by the classical vehicle dynamics are ascertained in the case of vehicles passing through curved tracks.
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29 May 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a framework to systematically investigate the high-speed train-track-bridge dynamic interactions, aiming to provide a method for analysing and assessing the running safety and the ride comfort of trains passing through bridges.
Abstract: This paper presents a framework to systematically investigate the high-speed train–track–bridge dynamic interactions, aiming to provide a method for analysing and assessing the running safety and the ride comfort of trains passing through bridges, which are critically important for the design of new high-speed railway bridges. Train–track–bridge interactive mechanism is illustrated. A fundamental model is established for analysing the train–track–bridge dynamic interactions, in which the vehicle subsystem is coupled with the track subsystem through a spatially interacted wheel–rail model; and the track subsystem is coupled with the bridge subsystem by a track–bridge dynamic interaction model. Modelling of each subsystem and each interactive relationship between subsystems are presented. An explicit–implicit integration scheme is adopted to numerically solve the equations of motion of the large non-linear dynamic system in the time domain. Computer simulation software named the train–track–bridge interacti...
289 citations
Cites background or methods from "Fundamentals of vehicle–track coupl..."
...It has been proved that the Zhai method is computationally fast and therefore efficient for dynamic analyses of the vehicle-track coupled system with strong non-linearities [20], and the Newmark-β method is suitable for complex structure dynamics analysis....
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...In order to make the description of wheel–rail dynamic interaction more accurate and reasonable, a spatially dynamic wheel–rail coupling model previously proposed by the author [20,22] is adopted in this paper, as in Figure 9....
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...non-linear yaw dampers and secondary lateral stop-block clearances [20]....
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...For the non-ballasted slab track laid on bridges, each slab can be modelled as a rectangle plate supported by a viscoelastic foundation, as described in [20]....
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...The equations of motion of the slabs could be found in [20]....
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25 Apr 2014
TL;DR: A review of the effect of vehicle characteristics on ground-and track borne-vibrations from railways is presented in this article, which combines traditional theory with modern thinking and uses a range of numerical analysis and experimental results.
Abstract: This paper is a review of the effect of vehicle characteristics on ground- and track borne-vibrations from railways. It combines traditional theory with modern thinking and uses a range of numerical analysis and experimental results to provide a broad analysis of the subject area. First, the effect of different train types on vibration propagation is investigated. Then, despite not being the focus of this work, numerical approaches to vibration propagation modelling within the track and soil are briefly touched upon. Next an in-depth discussion is presented related to the evolution of numerical models, with analysis of the suitability of various modelling approaches for analysing vehicle effects. The differences between quasi-static and dynamic characteristics are also discussed with insights into defects such as wheel/rail irregularities. Additionally, as an appendix, a modest database of train types are presented along with detailed information related to their physical attributes. It is hoped that this information may provide assistance to future researchers attempting to simulate railway vehicle vibrations. It is concluded that train type and the contact conditions at the wheel/rail interface can be influential in the generation of vibration. Therefore, where possible, when using numerical approach, the vehicle should be modelled in detail. Additionally, it was found that there are a wide variety of modelling approaches capable of simulating train types effects. If non-linear behaviour needs to be included in the model, then time domain simulations are preferable, however if the system can be assumed linear then frequency domain simulations are suitable due to their reduced computational demand.
245 citations
Cites methods from "Fundamentals of vehicle–track coupl..."
...Zhai and True [145,146] performed a similar simulation based on a home-made simulation package, which included a detailed 3-layer model of the track....
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TL;DR: Train-track-bridge dynamic interaction is a fundamental concern in the field of railway engineering, which plays an extremely important role in the optimal design of railway bridges, especially in this article.
Abstract: Train–track–bridge dynamic interaction is a fundamental concern in the field of railway engineering, which plays an extremely important role in the optimal design of railway bridges, especially in ...
222 citations
Cites background from "Fundamentals of vehicle–track coupl..."
...characteristic of the yaw damper; (c) nonlinear characteristic of the secondary lateral bump-stop [54]....
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...For example, a five-parameter model of the ballast block under each rail supporting point is adopted in [22,51,54], which is formulated based on the hypothesis that the load-transmission from a sleeper to the ballast approximately coincides with the cone distribution [71]....
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...The track slabs can be assumed as finite length beams in 2D models, while described as elastic rectangle plates supported on the viscoelastic foundation in 3D models [22,51,54]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental results of vertical ground vibration accelerations induced by very high speed trains running over a non-ballasted track on embankment with speeds from 300 to 410 km/h are reported and analyzed in detail for the first time.
157 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional finite element model was proposed to investigate the interface damage occurred between prefabricated slab and CA (cement asphalt) mortar layer in the China Railway Track System (CRTS-II) slab track system.
Abstract: This paper presents a three-dimensional finite element model to investigate the interface damage occurred between prefabricated slab and CA (cement asphalt) mortar layer in the China Railway Track System (CRTS-II) slab track system. In the finite element model, a cohesive zone model with a non-linear constitutive law is introduced and utilized to model the damage, cracking and delamination at the interface. Combining with the temperature field database obtained from the three-dimensional transient heat transfer analysis, the interface damage evolution as a result of temperature change is analyzed. A three-dimensional coupled dynamic model of a vehicle and the slab track is then established to calculate the varying rail-supporting forces which are utilized as the inputs to the finite element model. The non-linearities of the wheel–rail contact geometry, the wheel–rail normal contact force and the wheel–rail tangential creep force are taken into account in the model. Setting the maximum interface damaged state calculated under temperature change as the initial condition, the interface damage evolution and its influence on the dynamic response of the slab track are investigated under the joint action of the temperature change and vehicle dynamic load. The analysis indicates that the proposed model is capable of predicting the initiation and propagation of cracks at the interface. The prefabricated slab presents lateral warping, resulting in severe interface damage on both the sides of the slab track along the longitudinal direction during temperature drop process, while the interface damage level does not change significantly under vehicle dynamic loads. The interface damage has great effects on the dynamic responses of the slab track.
157 citations
References
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Book•
01 Sep 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of mathematical models and their applications to dynamic analyses and the design of railway vehicles are discussed, and the role of analytical models in various railway vehicle design activities is put in perspective.
Abstract: This book covers the development of mathematical models and their applications to dynamic analyses and the design of railway vehicles. It should help to put in perspective the role of analytical models in various railway vehicle design activities.
627 citations
"Fundamentals of vehicle–track coupl..." refers background in this paper
...The classical theory of railway vehicle dynamics [1,2] usually focuses on the railway vehicle itself as the analysis object without consideration of the dynamic behaviour of the track system that supports the vehicle, i....
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TL;DR: A review of dynamic modelling of railway track and of the interaction of vehicle and track at frequencies which are sufficiently high for the track's dynamic behaviour to be significant is presented in this paper.
Abstract: A review is presented of dynamic modelling of railway track and of the interaction of vehicle and track at frequencies which are sufficiently high for the track's dynamic behaviour to be significant. Since noise is one of the most important consequences of wheel/rail interaction at high frequencies, the maximum frequency of interest is about 5kHz: the limit of human hearing. The topic is reviewed both historically and in particular with reference to the application of modelling to the solution of practical problems. Good models of the rail, the sleeper and the wheelset are now available for the whole frequency range of interest. However, it is at present impossible to predict either the dynamic behaviour of the railpad and ballast or their long term behaviour. This is regarded as the most promising area for future research.
615 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of alternative Creep Force Models for rail vehicle dynamic analysis is presented, and the results show that the alternative models are less accurate than the original models in terms of acceleration and acceleration.
Abstract: (1983). A Comparison of Alternative Creep Force Models for Rail Vehicle Dynamic Analysis. Vehicle System Dynamics: Vol. 12, No. 1-3, pp. 79-83.
459 citations
"Fundamentals of vehicle–track coupl..." refers methods in this paper
...The tangential wheel–rail creep forces are calculated first by the use of Kalker’s linear creep theory and then modified by the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins nonlinear model [24]....
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TL;DR: A new simple explicit two-step method and a new family of predictor–corrector integration algorithms are developed for use in the solution of numerical responses of dynamic problems, avoiding solving simultaneous linear algebraic equations in each time step.
Abstract: A new simple explicit two-step method and a new family of predictor–corrector integration algorithms are developed for use in the solution of numerical responses of dynamic problems. The proposed integration methods avoid solving simultaneous linear algebraic equations in each time step, which is valid for arbitrary damping matrix and diagonal mass matrix frequently encountered in practical engineering dynamic systems. Accordingly, computational speeds of the new methods applied to large system analysis can be far higher than those of other popular methods. Accuracy, stability and numerical dissipation are investigated. Linear and nonlinear examples for verification and applications of the new methods to large-scale dynamic problems in railway engineering are given. The proposed methods can be used as fast and economical calculation tools for solving large-scale nonlinear dynamic problems in engineering.
337 citations
"Fundamentals of vehicle–track coupl..." refers methods in this paper
...In order to enhance the computational speed for such a large-scale dynamic system, a simple fast explicit integration method previously developed by Zhai [28] is employed....
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...Vehicle System Dynamics Vol. 47, No. 11, November 2009, 1349–1376 Fundamentals of vehicle–track coupled dynamics Wanming Zhai*, Kaiyun Wang and Chengbiao Cai Train and Track Research Institute, Traction Power State Key Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, P.R. China (Received 14 April 2008; final version received 11 November 2008 ) This paper presents a framework to investigate the dynamics of overall vehicle–track systems with emphasis on theoretical modelling, numerical simulation and experimental validation....
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...Details of the new wheel–rail coupling model could be found in a recent paper by Chen and Zhai [25]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the vertical dynamic behavior of a railway bogie moving on a rail is investigated for sleepers resting on an elastic foundation, and the transient interaction problem is numerically solved by use of an extended state-spacer vector approach in conjunction with a complex modal superposition for the track.
313 citations