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Journal ArticleDOI

Fungal pollution of indoor environments and its management.

01 Oct 2012-Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences (Elsevier)-Vol. 19, Iss: 4, pp 405-426
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the current status on biotic indoor air pollution, role of fungi as biological contaminants and their impact on human health in indoor environments, including allergy, infections and toxicity.
About: This article is published in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.The article was published on 2012-10-01 and is currently open access. It has received 197 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Indoor air quality.
Citations
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, a review of possible applications of plasma modification in biomaterial applications is presented, focusing on processes that can be used to develop surface morphologies and chemical structures for the prevention of adhesion and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria on the surfaces of in-dwelling medical devices.
Abstract: Despite many synthetic biomaterials having physical properties that are comparable or even superior to those of natural body tissues, they frequently fail due to the adverse physiological reactions they cause within the human body, such as infection and inflammation. The surface modification of biomaterials is an economical and effective method by which biocompatibility and biofunctionality can be achieved while preserving the favorable bulk characteristics of the biomaterial, such as strength and inertness. Amongst the numerous surface modification techniques available, plasma surface modification affords device manufacturers a flexible and environmentally friendly process that enables tailoring of the surface morphology, structure, composition, and properties of the material to a specific need. There are a vast range of possible applications of plasma modification in biomaterial applications, however, the focus of this review paper is on processes that can be used to develop surface morphologies and chemical structures for the prevention of adhesion and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria on the surfaces of in-dwelling medical devices. As such, the fundamental principles of bacterial cell attachment and biofilm formation are also discussed. Functional organic plasma polymerised coatings are also discussed for their potential as biosensitive interfaces, connecting inorganic/metallic electronic devices with their physiological environments.

241 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A critical discussion of the latest developments involving the use of different classes of antimicrobial polymers is presented, including the synthesis pathways used to afford macromolecules with antimicrobial properties, as well as the relationship between the structure and performance of these materials.
Abstract: Antimicrobial polymers represent a very promising class of therapeutics with unique characteristics for fighting microbial infections. As the classic antibiotics exhibit an increasingly low capacity to effectively act on microorganisms, new solutions must be developed. The importance of this class of materials emerged from the uncontrolled use of antibiotics, which led to the advent of multidrug-resistant microbes, being nowadays one of the most serious public health problems. This review presents a critical discussion of the latest developments involving the use of different classes of antimicrobial polymers. The synthesis pathways used to afford macromolecules with antimicrobial properties, as well as the relationship between the structure and performance of these materials are discussed.

151 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent research on the identification and characterization of A. alternata allergens has allowed for the consideration of new perspectives in the categorization of allergenic molds, assessment of exposure and diagnosis of fungi-induced allergies.

120 citations


Cites background from "Fungal pollution of indoor environm..."

  • ...Regular cleaning to avoid the accumulation of debris and dust, reducing dampness in buildings to prevent moisture-related problems and avoiding indoor smoking are some of the reported protective measures that may significantly abate indoor fungal growth (Salo et al., 2005; Khan and Karuppayil, 2012)....

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  • ...…cleaning to avoid the accumulation of debris and dust, reducing dampness in buildings to prevent moisture-related problems and avoiding indoor smoking are some of the reported protective measures that may significantly abate indoor fungal growth (Salo et al., 2005; Khan and Karuppayil, 2012)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A multi-locus phylogeny based on ITS, TEF1-α and TUB2, in conjunction with morphological characters, host associations, and ecological data was employed, suggesting that the general evolutionary direction in the genus Nigrospora is from a wide to a narrow host range.
Abstract: Species of Nigrospora commonly occur as plant pathogens, endophytes or saprobes, and have been shown to be extremely interesting for the discovery of novel metabolites. The familial placement, as well as phylogenetic relationships among Nigrospora species remain ambiguous. In this study, Nigrospora (= Khusia) is confirmed as a monophyletic genus belonging to Apiosporaceae (Xylariales), based on a phylogeny inferred from LSU sequence data. A multi-locus phylogeny based on ITS, TEF1-α and TUB2, in conjunction with morphological characters, host associations, and ecological data was employed for species delimitation in Nigrospora, as well as identification of 165 recently collected isolates from China, and three from Europe. In total 13 novelties are proposed including 12 new species and 1 new combination. Five species are re-described based on an examination of type specimens and/or fresh collections. New species described in this paper include: N. aurantiaca, N. bambusae, N. camelliae-sinensis, N. chinensis, N. guilinensis, N. hainanensis, N. lacticolonia, N. osmanthi, N. pyriformis, N. rubi, N. vesicularis and N. zimmermanii. Furthermore, N. vietnamensis is transferred to Arthrinium. Our results indicate a high level of species diversity within Nigrospora, with a general lack in host specificity. Taxa that cluster basal in Nigrospora have wide host ranges, whereas those that diverged later tend to have narrow host ranges. The currently available data suggest, therefore, that the general evolutionary direction in the genus Nigrospora is from a wide to a narrow host range.

104 citations


Cites background from "Fungal pollution of indoor environm..."

  • ...Moreover, some Nigrospora spores are responsible for a Type I allergic response, seasonal rhinitis (hay fever), asthma or respiratory allergic diseases (Santo-Pietro 2006, Khan & Karuppayil 2012, Saha & Bhattacharya 2015)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review provides examples of airborne transmission of infectious agents from experimental and field studies and discusses how airborne pathogens can contaminate other parts of the environment to give rise to secondary vehicles leading to air-surface-air nexus with possible transmission to susceptible hosts.

88 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sara A. Burt1
TL;DR: In vitro studies have demonstrated antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella dysenteria, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus at levels between 0.2 and 10 microl ml(-1).

9,091 citations


"Fungal pollution of indoor environm..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Plant extracts are generally assumed to be more acceptable and less hazardous than the synthetic disinfectants which have similar action (Burt, 2004; Khan and Karuppayil, 2010)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of molds that have adverse effects on humans, animals, and crops that result in illnesses and economic losses as discussed by the authors, but mycotoxicoses often remain unrecognized by medical professionals, except when large numbers of people are involved.

994 citations


"Fungal pollution of indoor environm..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The most well documented mycotoxins in indoor envi- ronments are aflatoxins, trichothecenes and ochratoxins (Kilburn, 2004; Zain, 2011)....

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  • ...The most well documented mycotoxins in indoor environments are aflatoxins, trichothecenes and ochratoxins (Kilburn, 2004; Zain, 2011)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of lignin chemistry and its application in polymer composites is presented. But it does not discuss the potential value-added applications of these products.

812 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Expelled particles carrying pathogens do not exclusively disperse by airborne or droplet transmission but avail of both methods simultaneously and current dichotomous infection control precautions should be updated to include measures to contain both modes of aerosolised transmission.

536 citations


"Fungal pollution of indoor environm..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Centrifugal samplers such as RCS, aerojet cyclone are devices with 40–100 L/min air flow rate (Gralton et al., 2011)....

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  • ...Centrifugal samplers such as RCS, aerojet cyclone are devices with 40–100 L/min air flow rate (Gralton et al., 2011)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a compilation of the morphology, chemical constituents and properties of OPF as reported by various researchers are collected and presented in this paper, where the properties of these composites viz., physical, mechanical, water sorption, thermal, degradation, electrical properties, etc.

424 citations


"Fungal pollution of indoor environm..." refers background in this paper

  • ...A well-known example of this is the fungal degradation of urea formaldehyde foam insulation (Shinoj et al., 2011)....

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  • ...A well-known example of this is the fungal degradation of urea formaldehyde foam insulation (Shinoj et al., 2011)....

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Trending Questions (1)
What is Biological indoor air pollution?

Biological indoor air pollution refers to the presence of harmful biological agents, such as fungi, in indoor environments that can pose health risks to humans.