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Gait Analysis: An Introduction
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Gait analysis data on CD-ROM Computer requirements Running the CD Contents of the CD How to use the Polygon viewer Notes Acknowledgements Appendices 1. normal ranges for gait parameters 2. Conversions between measurement units 3. future developments ConclusionAbstract:
Basic sciences Anatomy Physiology Biomechanics References and suggestions for further reading Normal gait Walking and gait History Terminology used in gait analysis Outline of the gait cycle The gait cycle in detail Ground reaction forces Support moment Energy consumption Optimization of energy usage Starting and stopping Other varieties of gait Gait in the young Gait in the elderly References and suggestions for further reading Pathological and other abnormal gaits Specific gait abnormalities Walking aids Amputee gait Treadmill gait Common pathologies affecting gait References and suggestions for further reading Methods of gait analysis Visual gait analysis General gait parameters Timing the gait cycle Direct motion measurement systems Electrogoniometers Pressure beneath the foot Electromyography Energy consumption Accelerometers Gyroscopes Force platforms Kinematic systems Combined kinetic/kinematic systems References and suggestions for further reading Applications of gait analysis Clinical gait assessment Conditions benefiting from gait assessment Future developments ConclusionReferences and suggestions for further reading Gait assessment in cerebral palsy Basic physiology of movement The causes of cerebral palsy Spastic hemiplegia Spastic diplegia Other varieties of cerebral palsy Crouch gait Spasticity Lever arm dysfunction Gait patterns in cerebral palsy Gait assessment Overview of treatment Summary References and suggestions for further reading Gait analysis data on CD-ROM Computer requirements Running the CD Contents of the CD How to use the Polygon viewer Notes Acknowledgements Appendices 1. Normal ranges for gait parameters 2. Conversions between measurement units 3. Sources of further information Glossary Indexread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
How many steps/day are enough? For older adults and special populations
Catrine Tudor-Locke,Cora L Craig,Yukitoshi Aoyagi,Rhonda C. Bell,Karen A. Croteau,Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij,Ben Ewald,Andrew W. Gardner,Yoshiro Hatano,Lesley D. Lutes,Sandra Matsudo,Farah A. Ramirez-Marrero,Laura Q. Rogers,David A. Rowe,Michael D. Schmidt,Michael D. Schmidt,Mark A. Tully,Steven N. Blair +17 more
TL;DR: The evidence suggests that 30 minutes of daily MVPA accumulated in addition to habitual daily activities in healthy older adults is equivalent to taking approximately 7,000-10,000 steps/day, which approximates 8,000 Steps on days that include a target of achieving 20 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomechanics and muscle coordination of human walking. Part I: introduction to concepts, power transfer, dynamics and simulations.
Felix E. Zajac,Felix E. Zajac,Richard R. Neptune,Richard R. Neptune,Steven A. Kautz,Steven A. Kautz +5 more
TL;DR: This work elucidate how energy produced by muscles is delivered to the crank through the synergistic action of other non-energy producing muscles; specifically, that a major function performed by a muscle arises from the instantaneous segmental accelerations and redistribution of segmental energy throughout the body caused by its force generation.
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Mechanical and metabolic determinants of the preferred step width in human walking.
TL;DR: The selection of preferred step width in human walking is studied by measuring mechanical and metabolic costs as a function of experimentally manipulated step width and humans appear to prefer a step width that minimizes metabolic cost.
Journal ArticleDOI
The six determinants of gait and the inverted pendulum analogy: A dynamic walking perspective.
TL;DR: It is shown how the step-to-step transition is an unavoidable energetic consequence of the inverted pendulum gait, and gives rise to predictions that are experimentally testable on humans and machines.
Journal ArticleDOI
A kinematic comparison of overground and treadmill walking.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the kinematics of human walking differ in treadmill and overground ambulation, and the interpretation of treadmill-based gait analysis findings should not be extended to that of ground walking, particularly where the patient has an impaired hip function.