Galvanic Corrosion of a Carbon Steel-Stainless Steel Couple in Sulfide Solutions
01 Feb 2011-Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance (Springer US)-Vol. 20, Iss: 9, pp 1631-1637
TL;DR: The galvanic corrosion behavior of carbon steel-stainless steel couples with various cathode/anode area ratios was investigated in S 2−-containing solutions, which were in equilibrium with air, by electrochemical measurements, immersion test, and surface characterization.
Abstract: The galvanic corrosion behavior of carbon steel-stainless steel couples with various cathode/anode area ratios was investigated in S
2−-containing solutions, which were in equilibrium with air, by electrochemical measurements, immersion test, and surface characterization. It is found that the galvanic corrosion effect on carbon steel anode increases with the cathode/anode area ratios, and decreases with the increasing concentration of S2− in the solution. A layer of sulfide film is formed on carbon steel surface, which protects it from corrosion. When the cathode/anode area ratio is 1:1, the potentiodynamic polarization curve measurement and the weight-loss determination give the identical measurement of the galvanic corrosion effect. With the increase of the cathode/anode area ratio, the electrochemical method may not be accurate to determine the galvanic effect. The anodic dissolution current density of carbon steel cannot be approximated simply with the galvanic current density.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the corrosion behaviors of copper and copper/titanium galvanic couple in seawater were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise (EN) techniques in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method.
Abstract: The corrosion behaviors of copper and copper/titanium galvanic couple (GC) in seawater were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical noise (EN) techniques in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) method. The results show that the corrosion process of copper in seawater can be divided into two stages, in which corrosion resistance and SE show the same evolution trend of initial increase and subsequent decrease, while SG changes oppositely. However, the ensemble corrosion process of copper/ titanium GC in seawater includes three stages, in which corrosion resistance and SE show the evolution features of initial decrease with a subsequently increase, and the final decrease again; while SG changes oppositely. The potential difference between copper and titanium in their galvanic couple can accelerate the initiation of pitting corrosion of copper, and both the minimum and maximum corrosion potentials of copper/ titanium GC are much more positive than those of pure copper.
47 citations
Cites background from "Galvanic Corrosion of a Carbon Stee..."
...As to the materials and medium, the researchers paid much more attention to the galvanic corrosion of Mg alloy [25,26], Al alloy [27], steel [28] in the solutions containing Cl, S [15] and Br [29]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the galvanic effect between N80 carbon steel and 13Cr stainless steel in formation water under supercritical CO2 conditions was studied by electrochemical measurements and surface characterization.
Abstract: The galvanic effect between N80 carbon steel and 13Cr stainless steel in formation water under supercritical CO2 conditions was studied by electrochemical measurements and surface characterization. It is demonstrated that the galvanic effect obviously promotes the corrosion of N80 carbon steel and lowers the protection of corrosion products under static and dynamic conditions. The fluid flow under dynamic conditions not only accelerates the corrosion of N80 carbon steel, but also strengthens the galvanic effect with higher galvanic current density. The galvanic current density decreases with increasing immersion time due to the decrease of potential difference and the increase of resistance.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the inhibitive effects of IM, BTBBI and LA on the galvanic corrosion between N80 carbon steel and 13Cr stainless steel in oilfield produced water under dynamic supercritical CO2 conditions were studied by weight loss and electrochemical measurements, and surface analysis.
Abstract: The inhibitive effects of imidazoline (IM), 1-butyl-2-thiobenzylbenzimidazole (BTBBI) and lauric acid (LA) on the galvanic corrosion between N80 carbon steel and 13Cr stainless steel in oilfield produced water under dynamic supercritical CO2 conditions were studied by weight loss and electrochemical measurements, and surface analysis. It is demonstrated that IM, BTBBI and LA could alleviate the galvanic corrosion of N80 carbon steel coupled with 13Cr stainless steel with the order of inhibitive effects: IM > BTBBI > LA. However, the galvanic effect between N80 carbon steel and 13Cr stainless steel decreases the inhibitive effects of inhibitors.
36 citations
01 Aug 2020
TL;DR: Galvanic corrosion behavior between copper and titanium in natural seawater has been studied using wet/dry cycle corrosion test by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Galvanic corrosion behavior between copper and titanium in natural seawater has been studied using wet/dry cycle corrosion test by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) The EIS was performed on Cu/Ti galvanic couple in natural seawater after wet/dry cyclic corrosion test The charge transfer resistance (Rct) and the film resistance (Rf) of Cu/Ti galvanic couple had a higher value due to the formation of corrosion products containing hydroxides and chlorides of copper The release of Cu+ and Ti2+ into the solution from local anodic surface as well as the consumption of dissolved oxygen at the corresponding cathodic surface was successfully monitored by SECM SEM analysis confirmed the presence of corrosion products SEM/EDX analysis showed that Cu and Ti were enriched in corrosion products at the surface of Cu/Ti galvanic couple after corrosion testing FIB-TEM analysis confirmed that the nanoscale oxide layers containing Cu and Ti were identified in the rust of the Cu/Ti galvanic couple which had a beneficial effect on corrosion resistance of Cu/Ti galvanic couple by making the protective corrosion product in wet/dry cyclic test
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating was applied on the surface of aluminum alloy and 316L stainless steel in subsea water, and the surface morphology of MAO-coated Al alloy was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope.
Abstract: To slow down the galvanic corrosion of aluminum alloy and 316L stainless steel in subsea water, a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating was prepared on the surface of the Al alloy, and no treatment was performed on the surface of the 316L. The surface morphology of MAO-coated Al alloy was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after corrosion. A micro-hardness tester was used to measure the micro-hardness. Corrosion behaviors were evaluated by open-circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrode impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests in a 3.5 g/L NaCl solution. The results of PDP testing show that the corrosion potential of the MAO-coated galvanic pair was more positive than that of the uncoated galvanic pair and that the corrosion current density was smaller than that of the uncoated galvanic pair. EIS results show that the impedance of the galvanic pair increased after MAO coating. SEM images show that the corrosion damage of the uncoated Al alloy was more severe than that of the MAO-coated one, and the post-corrosion images of the surface of the 316L connected with MAO-coated Al alloy were more compact than those of the 316L connected with uncoated Al alloy. A physical model was developed to discuss the influence of MAO treatment on the galvanic corrosion process and corrosion mechanism.
12 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of variations of the area of two metals in a galvanic couple is discussed for three common cases, and it is shown that the galvanic current density is not equal to the dissolution rate of the anode.
Abstract: The effect of variations of the area of two metals in a galvanic couple is discussed for three common cases. In Case 1, it is assumed that the only significant process on the more active metal (A) at the galvanic potential (ϕg) is metal oxidation (dissolution), while the only significant process on the more noble metal (C) is reduction of the oxidizer (H+, H2O, O2) and Tafel behavior is observed. Various possibilities to present the galvanic current as a function of electrode areas, which might have lead to some confusion in the literature, are discussed. In Case 2, it is assumed that metal (A), the anode in the galvanic couple, is polarized only slightly from its corrosion potential. It is shown that in this case the galvanic current density (igA) is not equal to the dissolution rate (idA) of the anode. A correlation between these two values is given. In Case 3, it is assumed that the cathodic process on both metals is entirely diffusion controlled. In this case, the dissolution rate of the anod...
124 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a 4m long beam containing a bar in seven segments, one mild steel and six stainless steel, which could be electrically connected or isolated by external switches, was modelled using a zero resistance ammeter for a range of connections.
Abstract: Corrosion of steel embedded in concrete was modelled using a 4m long beam containing a bar in seven segments, one mild steel and six stainless steel, which could be electrically connected or isolated by external switches. The concrete mix was dosed with 3% Cl to initiate corrosion. The current flowing between the mild steel and the stainless steel was monitored using a zero resistance ammeter for a range of connections to investigate the influence of the ratio of cathode anode area and cathode-anode separation. It was found that the current increased with increasing cathode anode area ratio but the rate of increase decreased with increasing cathode anode ratio. The current decreased with increasing separation between the anode and cathode although the cathode elements most distant from the anode contributed a significant current.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the galvanic currents between carbon steel and two types of stainless steels have been studied in solutions of pH close to that of concrete, and the results have been interpreted by means of EIS in terms of the resistivity of the passive layer formed on steels.
Abstract: The galvanic currents between carbon steel and two types of stainless steels have been studied in solutions of pH close to that of concrete. The situations analysed were passivity and active corrosion induced by chlorides. In all cases the galvanic effects recorded were of minor importance indicating that no significant risk of galvanic corrosion exists when carbon steel and stainless steel are electrically coupled in reinforced concrete structures. Oxygen reduction current is lower for stainless steel than for passive carbon steel. The results have been interpreted by means of EIS in terms of the resistivity of the passive layer formed on steels.
72 citations
TL;DR: From the data obtained in this study and current literature profiles, acceptable restorative couples were developed for use as clinical guidelines in restorative dentistry.
Abstract: Objectives . As the success of implants leads to their increasing use in restorative dentistry, attention should be devoted to the galvanic combination of restorative materials with titanium. This paper used continuous corrosion potential monitoring in conjunction with zero-resistance ammetry to obtain galvanic corrosion properties of restorative and implant materials coupled with titanium (ASTM F67- Grade II). Methods . Direct coupling or galvanic experiments were conducted on eight restorative and implant materials coupled to titanium. De-aerated artificial saliva solution in a specifically designed corrosion cell simulated an oral crevice situation. Open circuit potentials ( E o.c .) of each material in the couple, coupled corrosion potentials ( E couple corr ), coupled corrosion current density ( I couple corr ) and the resultant charge transfer were monitored. The results were analyzed using single factor ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests. Results . Noble restorative (Au-, Ag-, and Pd-based) alloys coupled to titanium were found to be least susceptible to galvanic corrosion. Co–Cr–Mo, Ni–Cr and Fe-based alloys coupled to titanium were found to be moderately susceptible to galvanic corrosion due to mechanical–electrochemical interaction. Ni–Cr–Be alloy coupled to titanium was found to be highly susceptible to galvanic corrosion. The in vitro test results for the titanium/Disperalloy combination does not concur with the published clinical performance of this combination, and thus warrants further investigation. Significance . From the data obtained in this study and current literature profiles, acceptable restorative couples were developed for use as clinical guidelines in restorative dentistry.
67 citations