Galvanising political support through resource nationalism: A case of Tanzania's 2017 extractive sector reforms
TL;DR: This paper examined Tanzania's re-adoption of resource nationalism to understand how the government was able to institutionalise the reforms and found that Magufuli used resource nationalism as a political strategy to both secure a stronghold in party and national politics and legitimise his economic policy.
About: This article is published in Political Geography.The article was published on 2019-03-01. It has received 31 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Resource nationalism & Opposition (politics).
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TL;DR: The authors provide an extensive review of the effects of offshore oil development in relation to four interconnected themes: 1) the environment, including marine habitats and fish; 2) small-scale fisheries and coastal community livelihoods; 3) coastal and ocean spaces, including disputes over territory and infrastructure; and 4) ocean and coastal governance processes.
Abstract: A quarter of global oil production comes from offshore fields and about 60% of internationally-traded oil travels by tankers. The relationship between oil, fisheries, and coastal communities is documented primarily through case studies in individual jurisdictions and via the impacts of oil spills. Yet, the implications of oil development for fisheries and coastal communities are much broader. This study provides an extensive review of the effects of oil development in relation to four interconnected themes: 1) the environment, including marine habitats and fish; 2) small-scale fisheries and coastal community livelihoods; 3) coastal and ocean spaces, including disputes over territory and infrastructure; and 4) ocean and coastal governance processes. We map spatial overlaps between the oil sector and small-scale fisheries and point to the frequent displacement of fishers from fishing grounds due to increasing coastal traffic and infrastructure, and the catastrophic effects of oil spills on fisheries and coastal economies. Though the oil sector generally has negative impacts on fisheries livelihoods and coastal communities, these effects and their mechanisms vary across locations, ecosystems, species, and specific activities and groups. Overall, this narrative review provides a comprehensive account of the scholarship to date and points to key themes for future research, including intersections between offshore oil and gender, cross-sectoral governance, and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 14. Underpinning all of these challenges and potential solutions is a clear need for stronger integration of social and natural science knowledge, perspectives, and tools.
38 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: The spirit of mammon lives not only within the secular culture, but also within the church and within us as mentioned in this paper. But, according to the Bible, it is the meek who inherit the earth.
Abstract: We affluent Christians accept our comparative luxury and consider so little the suffering of others. Surely the spirit of mammon lives not only within the secular culture, but also within the church and within us. We want our piece of the earth. But, says Jesus, it is the meek who inherit the earth.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze three types of dynamics that have the potential to improve the lot of ASM in Tanzania, namely increased efforts to enforce ASM rights, stronger support programmes, and the emergence of medium-scale miners (MSM) linked to global value chains.
33 citations
TL;DR: The authors argue that liberation nationalists discursively construct "liberation" as an ongoing struggle and justify their autocratic beliefs, and that these beliefs legitimize authoritarianism, and they argue that such beliefs can be seen as a form of self-defence.
Abstract: This article is about how ideologies legitimize authoritarianism. The literature argues that liberation nationalists discursively construct “liberation” as an ongoing struggle and justify their aut...
19 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that legitimacy should be analysed as a source of power in its own right, in line with force and rents, and also suggest that analyses of legitimacy should include two more dimensions: first, a political elite's relationship with its political opponents; and, secondly, international recognition.
Abstract: In recent decades, reforms have been introduced in developing countries to promote economic transformation, democracy and the rule of law, but their implementation has often been undermined by structural factors. This is a key insight of the political settlement analysis which has unpacked the sorts of intra-elite relations instrumental in choosing policies and their modes of implementation. However, this analysis is less clear regarding the role of elections and popular legitimacy. This paper aims to explain contemporary forms of power and legitimacy in greater detail. Using Tanzania as a critical case study, we demonstrate that, in the context of democratisation, the country’s political elites are increasingly attempting to earn popular legitimacy. Earlier attempts to earn popular legitimacy through the expansion of social services to the rural majority were radicalised when a new president came to power in 2015. He campaigned on a platform of reversing years of domination by business and political elites. He later crafted a series of nationalist narratives and attacks on private investors to bolster his legitimacy in the eyes of the wider population. This implies a more prominent role for populations in developing countries than is often acknowledged. We also suggest that, in the context of democratisation, analyses of legitimacy should include two more dimensions: first, a political elite’s relationship with its political opponents; and, secondly, international recognition. We therefore argue that legitimacy should be analysed as a source of power in its own right, in line with force and rents.
19 citations
Cites background from "Galvanising political support throu..."
...The issue of taxation has been identified as a potential mobilising tool, with variations according to party lines, not least when it comes to natural resources, which can also be used to influence political settlements (Rakner, 2017; Jacob and Pedersen, 2018a; Poncian, 2019)....
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References
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01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The Neoliberal State and Neoliberalism with 'Chinese Characteristics' as mentioned in this paper is an example of the Neoliberal state in the context of Chinese characteristics of Chinese people and its relationship with Chinese culture.
Abstract: Introduction 1 Freedom's Just Another Word 2 The Construction of Consent 3 The Neoliberal State 4 Uneven Geographical Developments 5 Neoliberalism with 'Chinese Characteristics' 6 Neoliberalism on Trial 7 Freedom's Prospect Notes Bibliography Index
10,062 citations
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01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the paradoxes of Sovereignty and Independence: "Real" and "Pseudo-" Nation-States and the Depoliticization of Poverty.
Abstract: Acknowledgments vii Introduction: Global Shadows: Africa and the World 1 1. Globalizing Africa? Observations from an Inconvenient Continent 25 2. Paradoxes of Sovereignty and Independence: "Real" and "Pseudo-" Nation-States and the Depoliticization of Poverty 50 3. De-moralizing Economics: African Socialism, Scientific Capitalism, and the Moral Politics of Structural Adjustment 69 4. Transnational Topographies of Power: Beyond "the State" and "Civil Society" in the Study of African Politics 89 5. Chryalis: The Life and Death of the African Renaissance in a Zambian Internet Magazine 113 6. Of Mimicry and Membership: Africans and the "New World Society" 155 7. Decomposing Modernity: History and Hierarchy after Development 176 8. Governing Extraction: New Spatializations of Order and Disorder in Neoliberal Africa 194 Notes 211 References 229 Index 249
1,663 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a political-economic story of where neoliberalization came from and how it proliferated on the world stage, and explore the continuities and contrasts between neoliberalism of the Clinton sort and the recent turn towards neoconservative imperialism of George W. Bush.
Abstract: Neoliberalism - the doctrine that market exchange is an ethic in itself, capable of acting as a guide for all human action - has become dominant in both thought and practice throughout much of the world since 1970 or so. Its spread has depended upon a reconstitution of state powers such that privatization, finance, and market processes are emphasized. State interventions in the economy are minimized, while the obligations of the state to provide for the welfare of its citizens are diminished. David Harvey, author of 'The New Imperialism' and 'The Condition of Postmodernity', here tells the political-economic story of where neoliberalization came from and how it proliferated on the world stage. While Thatcher and Reagan are often cited as primary authors of this neoliberal turn, Harvey shows how a complex of forces, from Chile to China and from New York City to Mexico City, have also played their part. In addition he explores the continuities and contrasts between neoliberalism of the Clinton sort and the recent turn towards neoconservative imperialism of George W. Bush. Finally, through critical engagement with this history, Harvey constructs a framework not only for analyzing the political and economic dangers that now surround us, but also for assessing the prospects for the more socially just alternatives being advocated by many oppositional movements.
1,027 citations
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TL;DR: The article The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by Lange et al. (2010) was downloaded more than 2500 times and Stigma in attention deficit disorder by Mueller et al (2012) more than 1200 times as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: During the last few years, ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord, the official journal of the World Federation of ADHD (WFADHD), has seen a rapid development. Members of the WFADHD can download the journal for free in the members area of the homepage of the WFADHD at www. adhd-federation.org. The number of submissions from all over the world continues to increase and may reach more than 80 by the end of this year. Some of our articles have reached a large readership. For example, the article The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by Lange et al. (2010) was downloaded more than 2500 times and Stigma in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by Mueller et al. (2012) more than 1200 times. In 2015, the most popular paper (downloaded 990 times) was Associations of sleep disturbance with ADHD: implications for treatment by Hvolby (2015). We have received 67 regular articles. Our acceptance rate is about 76 %, and it takes an average of 50.4 days from submission to production. Although we are able to publish accepted papers online in a timely manner, we face a backlog of papers that have been published online but not in print. I am pleased to inform you that ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord was selected for inclusion in the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), which is the new database introduced by Thomson Reuters. This means that the 2015 issue will be included in the Web of Science, where the citations will get more exposure due to discoverability and thus a higher chance of getting cited. Based on the citation activity, the journal will be considered for the core collection and possibly obtain an impact factor. This is an important challenge that we are taking up since the founding of ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord, 6 years ago. If we could obtain an impact factor, the journal would acquire more high-quality submissions. I am writing to ask for your support. We would be grateful if you would consider submitting high-quality reviews as well encouraging your co-workers and colleagues to submit scientific articles in order to increase the citation activity, thus increasing our chances of obtaining an impact factor. I would like to thank all our authors and reviewers for their valuable contributions, allowing such an increase in quality. I look forward to continuing the journal’s success.
597 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the findings of a study undertaken to assess the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of mining in Geita District, Tanzania, in addition to sampling community perceptions of mining activities.
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