Journal ArticleDOI
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production by eight common bacterial pathogens.
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TLDR
The results suggest that the depressed levels of consciousness seen in patients with overwhelming sepsis or advanced liver disease and extraintestinal infection may in part be secondary to increased bacterial GABA production.Abstract:
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a potent amino acid neurotransmitter that suppresses normal neuronal activity in the central nervous system. Recently it has been suggested that GABA may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. In the present study GABA production by 8 common bacterial pathogens was measured during midlog, stationary and mid-death phases of growth. All bacteria produced some GABA (range: 160–50 250 pmole/ml) with the majority of GABA production occurring during the mid-death phase of growth. These results suggest that the depressed levels of consciousness seen in patients with overwhelming sepsis or advanced liver disease and extraintestinal infection may in part be secondary to increased bacterial GABA production.read more
Citations
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Microbial endocrinology and infectious disease in the 21st century
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TL;DR: A new perspective is introduced to the current understanding of the factors that mediate the ability of bacteria to cause disease, and it is demonstrated that neuroendocrinology and microbiology intersect to form the interdisciplinary field of microbial endocrinology.
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Small intestinal enteropathy with epithelial IgG and complement deposition in children with regressive autism.
Franco Torrente,Paul Ashwood,Richard M. Day,N. Machado,Raoul I. Furlano,A Anthony,S Davies,AJ Wakefield,Mike Thomson,John A. Walker-Smith,S. H. Murch +10 more
TL;DR: A novel form of enteropathy in autistic children is demonstrated, in which increases in mucosal lymphocyte density and crypt cell proliferation occur with epithelial IgG deposition, suggestive of an autoimmune lesion.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY AND THE γ-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEM
TL;DR: It is postulated that in liver failure gut-derived GABA passes through a permeable blood-brain barrier and induces its own receptors in the brain, and that an increased number of drugbinding sites mediates enhanced sensitivity to barbiturates and benzodiazepines in Liver failure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Serum levels of gamma-aminobutyric-acid-like activity in acute and chronic hepatocellular disease.
TL;DR: Findings are compatible with the hypothesis that the GABA neurotransmitter system is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in man and particularly high levels were detected in patients with cirrhosis 12-16 h after gastrointestinal haemorrhages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Colonic Bacteria: A Source of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Blood
TL;DR: It is found that blood drawn from the portal vein of normal rabbits contains twice the concentration of GABA as that drawn simultaneously from the abdominal aorta, and human-derived colonic bacteria grown anaerobically secreted a large amount of GABA equivalents into culture media when measured by a radioreceptor technique.
Journal Article
Serum gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in patients with hepatic encephalopathy
TL;DR: Results would tend to support the hypothesis that GABA may play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.