DOI•
Gas Jet In-Vivo Dosimetry for Particle Beam Therapy
01 Aug 2021-pp 4548-4551
TL;DR: This contribution presents the development of a non-invasive gas jet in-vivo dosimeter for treatment facilities, based on the interaction between a particle beam and a supersonic gas jet curtain, which was originally developed for the high luminosity upgrade of the large hadron collider.
Abstract: Medical applications of charged particle beams require a full online characterisation of the beam to ensure patient safety, treatment efficacy, and facility efficiency. In-vivo dosimetry, measurement of delivered dose during treatment, is a significant part of this characterisation. Current methods offer limited information or are invasive to the beam, meaning measurements must be done offline. This contribution presents the development of a non-invasive gas jet in-vivo dosimeter for treatment facilities. The technique is based on the interaction between a particle beam and a supersonic gas jet curtain, which was originally developed for the high luminosity upgrade of the large hadron collider (HL-LHC). To demonstrate the medical application of this technique, an existing HL-LHC test system with minor modifications will be installed at the University of Birmingham’s 35 MeV proton cyclotron, which has properties comparable to that of a treatment beam. This contribution presents the design and development of this test setup, plans for initial benchmarking measurements, and plans for a future optimised medical accelerator gas jet in-vivo dosimeter.
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DOI•
01 Jun 2016
TL;DR: Results from tracking and LET measurements with the MiniPIX-TimePIX detector for 60 MeV clinical protons, a new treatment planning approach accounting for prompt gamma range verification and interfractional anatomical changes are presented, and findings from high-gradient testing of an S-band, normalconducting low phase velocity accelerating structure are summarized.
Abstract: Between 2016 and 2020, 15 Fellows have carried out collaborative research within the 4 M€ Optimization of Medical Accelerators (OMA) EU-funded innovative training network. Based at universities, research and clinical facilities, as well as industry partners in several European countries, the Fellows have successfully developed a range of beam and patient imaging techniques, improved biological and physical models in Monte Carlo codes, and also helped improve the design of existing and future clinical facilities. This paper summarizes some of the research outcomes of this network. It presents results from tracking and LET measurements with the MiniPIX-TimePIX detector for 60 MeV clinical protons, a new treatment planning approach accounting for prompt gamma range verification and interfractional anatomical changes, and summarizes findings from high-gradient testing of an S-band, normalconducting low phase velocity accelerating structure. Finally, it gives a brief overview of the scientific and training events organized by the OMA consortium.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: This review will summarize FLASH radiotherapy research conducted to date and the current theories explaining the FLASH effect, with an emphasis on the future potential for FLASH proton beam therapy.
Abstract: FLASH radiotherapy is the delivery of ultra-high dose rate radiation several orders of magnitude higher than what is currently used in conventional clinical radiotherapy, and has the potential to revolutionize the future of cancer treatment. FLASH radiotherapy induces a phenomenon known as the FLASH effect, whereby the ultra-high dose rate radiation reduces the normal tissue toxicities commonly associated with conventional radiotherapy, while still maintaining local tumor control. The underlying mechanism(s) responsible for the FLASH effect are yet to be fully elucidated, but a prominent role for oxygen tension and reactive oxygen species production is the most current valid hypothesis. The FLASH effect has been confirmed in many studies in recent years, both in vitro and in vivo, with even the first patient with T-cell cutaneous lymphoma being treated using FLASH radiotherapy. However, most of the studies into FLASH radiotherapy have used electron beams that have low tissue penetration, which presents a limitation for translation into clinical practice. A promising alternate FLASH delivery method is via proton beam therapy, as the dose can be deposited deeper within the tissue. However, studies into FLASH protons are currently sparse. This review will summarize FLASH radiotherapy research conducted to date and the current theories explaining the FLASH effect, with an emphasis on the future potential for FLASH proton beam therapy.
107 citations
TL;DR: More pre-clinical studies are needed to properly establish the beam parameters that are necessary to produce the FLASH effect, and hybrid systems utilising 3D-printed patient specific range modulators present the most likely route to clinical delivery.
82 citations
"Gas Jet In-Vivo Dosimetry for Parti..." refers background in this paper
...For future high dose rate treatment modalities such as FLASH [16], most current diagnostic systems will either be damaged or not function correctly [17]....
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...This becomes especially true in novel treatment modalities such as FLASH [6], where the dose rate is significantly increased; the instrumentation currently in use will either struggle or not function at all in these situations, which risks making new and improved treatments impossible....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a gas-jet based beam profile monitor was developed and commissioned at the Cockcroft Institute and can operate in a very large background pressure range from 10−7 down to below 10−11 millibars.
Abstract: Non-interceptive beam profile monitors are highly desirable in almost all particle accelerators. Such techniques are especially valuable in applications where real time monitoring of the beam properties is required while beam preservation and minimal influence on the vacuum are of the greatest importance. This applies to many kinds of accelerators such as high energy machines where the normal diagnostics cannot withstand the beam's power, medical machines where treatment time is valuable and cannot be allocated to diagnostics and also low energy, low intensity accelerators where the beam's properties are difficult to measure. This paper presents the design of a gas-jet based beam profile monitor which was developed and commissioned at the Cockcroft Institute and can operate in a very large background pressure range from 10−7 down to below 10−11 millibars. The functioning principle of the monitor is described and the first experimental results obtained using a 5 keV electron beam are discussed.
28 citations
TL;DR: The hollow electron lens project within the HL-LHC collimation upgrade is described in this article, where the annular distribution of the electrons excites resonantly the beam tails surrounding the beam core, while the core itself remains unperturbed, as ideally it only "sees" the field-free hole in the electron distribution.
Abstract: Electrons lenses produce a high-intensity electron beam and have a variety of applications to circular hadron accelerators. Electron beams of different transverse cross sections and distributions may be designed, depending on the desired application, and they are produced and steered along the orbit of the hadron beam, overlapping with it for typical distances of a few meters before being deflected away and disposed of. Hollow electron beams find applications to high-intensity beam collimation for machines like the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Such devices can be integrated in a collimation system to improve the halo-cleaning performance through an active control of the halo dynamics: the annular distribution of the electrons excites resonantly the beam tails surrounding the beam core, while the core itself remains unperturbed, as ideally it only “sees” the field-free “hole” in the electron distribution. Hollow electron lenses are part of the upgrade baseline of the High-Luminosity project of the LHC (HL-LHC) and will be installed in the machine during a long shutdown in 2025–2027 to mitigate effects from beam losses so to improve the collimation system performance. This paper describes the hollow electron lens project within the HL-LHC collimation upgrade.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a non-invasive, gas jet-based, beam profile monitor has been developed in the QUASAR Group at the Cockcroft Institute, UK, which allows on-line measurement of the 2-dimensional transverse profile of particle beams with negligible disturbance to either primary beam or accelerator vacuum.
17 citations