Gender differences in rumination: A meta-analysis.
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...…documented across systematic reviews (Ellis, 2011a; Hyde, Mezulis, & Abramson, 2008; Russo & Green, 1993), formal meta-analyses (Feingold, 1994; Johnson & Whisman, 2013; Twenge & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2002), and large cross-cultural surveys (Bodas & Ollendick, 2005; Costa, Terracciano, & McCrae,…...
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Cites background from "Gender differences in rumination: A..."
..., 2009); women tend to “internalize” by ruminating or engaging in self-critical behavior, while men tend to “externalize” by distracting themselves or engaging the environment (Broderick, 1998; Li et al., 2006; Johnson and Whisman, 2013)....
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"Gender differences in rumination: A..." refers background in this paper
...Compared to reflection, brooding may be more strongly associated with depression severity, particularly over time, and some evidence suggests that gender differences in brooding may be greater than gender differences in reflection (e.g., Treynor et al., 2003)....
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