Generating multi-GeV electron bunches using single stage laser wakefield acceleration in a 3D nonlinear regime
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...Considering the phenomenological model of the bubble regime described by Lu, Huang, Zhou, Mori, and Katsouleas (2006), Lu, Huang, Zhou, Tzoufras et al. (2006), and Lu et al. (2007), higher electron energy gain requires lower plasma density....
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...2p=!2L is the etching velocity due to local pump depletion (Decker and Mori, 1994, 1995; Decker et al., 1996; Lu et al., 2007), !p ¼ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi nee 2=m 0 p is the plasma frequency, ne the electron density of the plasma, and !...
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...In this regime, the wake consists of an ion cavity having a spherical shape (Pukhov and Meyerter Vehn, 2002; Lu, Huang, Zhou, Mori, and Katsouleas, 2006; Lu, Huang, Zhou, Tzoufras et al., 2006; Lu et al., 2007)....
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...2L=e2 is the critical density (this condition expresses that energy loss at the front of the laser pulse due to pump depletion is higher than the loss due to diffraction) (Lu et al., 2007)....
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...In order to further improve the quality of electrons from laser-plasma accelerators, several routes are proposed from the use of a PW-class laser to multistaged acceleration schemes (Gordienko and Pukhov, 2005; Lifschitz et al., 2005; Malka et al., 2006; Lu et al., 2007; Martins et al., 2010)....
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Cites background from "Generating multi-GeV electron bunch..."
...The average and maximum energy of the electron beam follow the typical wakefield electron density scaling la...
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...The Wigner transform of a function ’ z is defined as [39] W’ z; k R1 1 e ikz’ z z0 2 ’ z z 0 2 dz0 and the relative permittivity valid under the quasistatic approximation is "r 2 1 np nc 1 1 ....
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