Generation and validation of unique male sex-specific sequence tagged sites (STS) marker from diverse genotypes of dioecious Jojoba-Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider
TL;DR: Two unique ISSR markers, viz.
Abstract: DNA fingerprinting studies have been carried out with the physiologically mature male and female plants of Jojoba using 80 ISSR primers with a view to generate sex-linked markers. After bulk segregant analysis, two unique ISSR markers, viz. ISSR8481500 and VIS111317 have been developed which can be used for determining the sex at the seedling stage. Of the eighty primers tested on the pooled male DNA and pooled female DNA samples, six ISSR primers were found to be associated with sex expression. Of the six, only two primers ISSR848 and VIS11 generated unique male sex specific bands of ~1,500 and ~1,300 bp which were consecutively present in all the male genotypes and absent in all the respective female genotypes. The remaining four primers when tried on individuals of different genotypes were confined to their sex specificity in only two female genotypes and absent in their male counterparts. One of the male-sex specific markers, VIS111317 has also been cloned and sequenced which showed homology with a sex linked gene, DD44 from dioecious Silene species. Furthermore, VIS111317 was converted into a male sex-specific sequence tagged sites (STS) marker of 584 bp. The male specific STS marker thus developed has been verified and validated on 100 populations of male and female individuals from ten different genotypes of Jojoba to endorse the diagnostic reliability of the STS marker. This can gainfully be employed for screening of sex at seedling stage which would be quite helpful for uprooting the undesired plants, thereby, saving resources like labor, water, fertilizers and space for highly desirable female plants.
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TL;DR: To detect genetic variations among different Simmondsia chinensis genotypes, two gene targeted markers, start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism and CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP) were employed in terms of their informativeness and efficiency in analyzing genetic relationships among different genotypes.
68 citations
TL;DR: The present review emphasizes the mode of sex determination among dioecious plants vis-a-vis summarizes the works related to gender specific markers generated using male and female plants from agriculturally important dioemious crops.
Abstract: Flowering plants are known to exhibit vast diversity of sexual systems encompassing bisexual, monoecious and dioecious conditions. Dioecy offers opportunities to explore separately the male and female programmes giving an insight to the evolutionary, developmental and molecular processes leading to separate mechanisms for sex expression. Mechanisms controlling sex can either be genetic or epigenetic (physiological and environmental). Plant hormones too influence sex expression. An active Y sex determination system and an X to autosomes ratio systems are common amongst the flowering plants. Advances in our understanding of sex determination has been addressed both by conventional as well as molecular approaches. Using conventional techniques mainly cytogenetics, sex chromosomes in some dioecious plants have been identified and characterized. Surprisingly, the presence of well defined sex chromosomes was found in only few species. Some sex linked genes have also been identified and characterized using molecular approaches but none of these genes have a direct link to sex determination. Molecular markers have been employed to resolve the enigma associated with dioecism to a certain extent. Its application in plant breeding is immensely beneficial. Positively, it would be beneficial for validation of sex prior their sex expression at larger perspectives. The present review therefore emphasizes the mode of sex determination among dioecious plants vis-a-vis summarizes the works related to gender specific markers generated using male and female plants from agriculturally important dioecious crops.
43 citations
Cites methods from "Generation and validation of unique..."
...A(CT)8AC 920 Male Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider 42 UBC807-(AG)8T 1,200 Male Sharma et al. (2008); Heikrujam et al. (2014a) 80 ISSR 848-(CA)8G 1,500 Male Heikrujam et al. (2014b) ISSR VIS11- (CAC)3GC 1,300 Male...
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...Heikrujam et al. 2014a, 2014b successfully converted two male specific ISSR markers UBC 8071120 and ISSR VIS111317 into male locus specific STS markers (STS 807 of size 800 bp (JMSM) and STS VIS11 of size 584 bp), respectively in S. chinensis....
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TL;DR: This review presents a historical overview, the medical and industrial importance of the jojoba plant, agronomy aspects and nutrient requirements for the plant’s cultivation, and the role of recent biotechnology and molecular biology findings inJojoba research.
Abstract: Jojoba is considered a promising oil crop and is cultivated for diverse purposes in many countries. The jojoba seed produces unique high-quality oil with a wide range of applications such as medical and industrial-related products. The plant also has potential value in combatting desertification and land degradation in dry and semi-dry areas. Although the plant is known for its high-temperature and high-salinity tolerance growth ability, issues such as its male-biased ratio, relatively late flowering and seed production time hamper the cultivation of this plant. The development of efficient biotechnological platforms for better cultivation and an improved production cycle is a necessity for farmers cultivating the plant. In the last 20 years, many efforts have been made for in vitro cultivation of jojoba by applying different molecular biology techniques. However, there is a lot of work to be done in order to reach satisfactory results that help to overcome cultivation problems. This review presents a historical overview, the medical and industrial importance of the jojoba plant, agronomy aspects and nutrient requirements for the plant’s cultivation, and the role of recent biotechnology and molecular biology findings in jojoba research.
42 citations
TL;DR: The exact sex of date palm was identified in all the tested plants, while amplified regions of the Date-SRY gene closely matched with the human and papaya sequences.
19 citations
04 May 2020
TL;DR: The detection of these categories of genes confirms the presence of an efficient lipid biosynthesis and accumulation system in developing jojoba seeds and will significantly enhance the current understanding of wax ester biology in jojobia seeds and open new routes for the improvement ofJojoba oil production and quality through biotechnology applications.
Abstract: Jojoba is one of the main two known plant source of natural liquid wax ester for use in various applications, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biofuel. Due to the lack of transcriptomic and genomic data on lipid biosynthesis and accumulation, molecular marker breeding has been used to improve jojoba oil production and quality. In the current study, the transcriptome of developing jojoba seeds was investigated using the Illunina NovaSeq 6000 system, 100 × 106 paired end reads, an average length of 100 bp, and a sequence depth of 12 Gb per sample. A total of 176,106 unigenes were detected with an average contig length of 201 bp. Gene Ontology (GO) showed that the detected unigenes were distributed in the three GO groups biological processes (BP, 5.53%), cellular component (CC, 6.06%), and molecular functions (MF, 5.88%) and distributed in 67 functional groups. The lipid biosynthesis pathway was established based on the expression of lipid biosynthesis genes, fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis, FA desaturation, FA elongation, fatty alcohol biosynthesis, triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis, phospholipid metabolism, wax ester biosynthesis, and lipid transfer and storage genes. The detection of these categories of genes confirms the presence of an efficient lipid biosynthesis and accumulation system in developing jojoba seeds. The results of this study will significantly enhance the current understanding of wax ester biology in jojoba seeds and open new routes for the improvement of jojoba oil production and quality through biotechnology applications.
14 citations
References
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TL;DR: It is concluded that the rDNA sl variants and/or associated loci are under selection in CCII, which demonstrates that Rrn1 and Rrn2 are useful as new genetic markers.
Abstract: Spacer-length (sl) variation in ribosomal RNA gene clusters (rDNA) was surveyed in 502 individual barley plants, including samples from 50 accessions of cultivated barley, 25 accessions of its wild ancestor, and five generations of composite cross II (CCII), an experimental population of barley. In total, 17 rDNA sl phenotypes, made up of 15 different rDNA sl variants, were observed. The 15 rDNA sl variants comprise a complete ladder in which each variant differs in length from adjacent variants by approximately equal to 115 nucleotide pairs. Studies of four rDNA sl variants in an F2 population showed that these variants are located at two unlinked loci, Rrn1 and Rrn2, each with two codominant alleles. Using wheat-barley addition lines, we determined that Rrn1 and Rrn2 are located on chromosomes 6 and 7, respectively. The nonrandom distribution of sl variants between loci suggests that genetic exchange occurs much less frequently between than within the two loci, which demonstrates that Rrn1 and Rrn2 are useful as new genetic markers. Frequencies of rDNA sl phenotypes and variants were monitored over 54 generations in CCII. A phenotype that was originally infrequent in CCII ultimately became predominant, whereas the originally most frequent phenotype decreased drastically in frequency, and all other phenotypes originally present disappeared from the population. We conclude that the sl variants and/or associated loci are under selection in CCII.
4,745 citations
"Generation and validation of unique..." refers methods in this paper
...Total genomic DNA was isolated separately from 5 g of leaf tissue from female and male individuals of the ten genotypes each by employing a modified CTAB method (Saghai-Maroof et al. 1984)....
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...DNA isolation Total genomic DNA was isolated separately from 5 g of leaf tissue from female and male individuals of the ten genotypes each by employing a modified CTAB method (Saghai-Maroof et al. 1984)....
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TL;DR: Bulk segregant analysis has several advantages over the use of near-isogenic lines to identify markers in specific regions of the genome and will have widespread application both in those species where selfing is possible and in those that are obligatorily outbreeding.
Abstract: We developed bulked segregant analysis as a method for rapidly identifying markers linked to any specific gene or genomic region. Two bulked DNA samples are generated from a segregating population from a single cross. Each pool, or bulk, contains individuals that are identical for a particular trait or genomic region but arbitrary at all unlinked regions. The two bulks are therefore genetically dissimilar in the selected region but seemingly heterozygous at all other regions. The two bulks can be made for any genomic region and from any segregating population. The bulks are screened for differences using restriction fragment length polymorphism probes or random amplified polymorphic DNA primers. We have used bulked segregant analysis to identify three random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in lettuce linked to a gene for resistance to downy mildew. We showed that markers can be reliably identified in a 25-centimorgan window on either side of the targeted locus. Bulked segregant analysis has several advantages over the use of near-isogenic lines to identify markers in specific regions of the genome. Genetic walking will be possible by multiple rounds of bulked segregation analysis; each new pair of bulks will differ at a locus identified in the previous round of analysis. This approach will have widespread application both in those species where selfing is possible and in those that are obligatorily outbreeding.
4,492 citations
"Generation and validation of unique..." refers methods in this paper
...Bulk segregant analysis (Michelmore et al. 1991) was then carried out by screening the bulked DNA samples of Jojoba of known sexes with 80 ISSR primers (Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc) to determine their reproducibility and potential for clear polymorphism between the two sexes....
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TL;DR: The utility of microsatellite-directed DNA fingerprinting by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the interrepeat region provides a novel fingerprinting approach applicable for taxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons and as a mapping tool in a wide range of organisms.
3,292 citations
"Generation and validation of unique..." refers methods in this paper
...Inter simple sequence repeat assay (Zietkiewicz et al. 1994) is a simple, fast, accurate, cost efficient, robust,...
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...Inter simple sequence repeat assay (Zietkiewicz et al. 1994) is a simple, fast, accurate, cost efficient, robust, multilocus DNA fingerprinting technique....
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TL;DR: An overview of the details of the ISSR-PCR technique and its application in genetics and plant breeding in a wide range of crop plants is provided.
Abstract: Summary Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR)-PCR is a technique, which involves the use of microsatellite sequences as primers in a polymerase chain reaction to generate multilocus markers. It is a simple and quick method that combines most of the advantages of microsatellites (SSRs) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to the universality of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). ISSR markers are highly polymorphic and are useful in studies on genetic diversity, phylogeny, gene tagging, genome mapping and evolutionary biology. This review provides an overview of the details of the technique and its application in genetics and plant breeding in a wide range of crop plants.
880 citations
"Generation and validation of unique..." refers background in this paper
...…in the genome, therefore, has been proved extremely useful in a diverse group of plants for the detection of genetic variability in the plant kingdom (Reddy et al. 2002) and is increasingly being carried out for the sex determination in several dioecious crops (Aleksandrov et al. 2011; da Costa…...
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...The technique is based on abundance of inter tandem repeats of—di—or—tri—nucleotides in the genome, therefore, has been proved extremely useful in a diverse group of plants for the detection of genetic variability in the plant kingdom (Reddy et al. 2002) and is increasingly being carried out for the sex determination in several dioecious crops (Aleksandrov et al....
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TL;DR: An experimental evaluation of using jojoba oil as an alternate diesel engine fuel has been conducted in the present work as mentioned in this paper, which indicated a good potential of using Jojoba Oil as an alternative Diesel engine fuel and showed that a negligible loss of engine power, a slight increase in brake specific fuel consumption and a reduction in engine NO x and soot emission using blends of JoJooba oil with gas oil as compared to gas oil.
200 citations
"Generation and validation of unique..." refers methods in this paper
...The Jojoba oil has also been attempted and optimized for the production of biodiesel (Al-Widyana and Al-Muhtaseb 2010; Canoira et al. 2006; Huzayyin et al. 2004)....
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