Generation of current conveyor based lowpass filters from a passive RLC filter
01 Sep 1998-Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics (Pergamon)-Vol. 335, Iss: 7, pp 1283-1297
TL;DR: It is shown that three recently reported current conveyor based lowpass filters are originated from a passive RLC filter and two new grounded-capacitor current mode low pass filters are also introduced.
Abstract: It is shown that three recently reported current conveyor based lowpass filters are originated from a passive RLC filter. Two new grounded-capacitor current mode lowpass filters are also introduced. Frequency limitation equations based on the non-ideal current conveyors are given. PSpice simulation results are included.
Citations
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TL;DR: This paper concentrates on the two new types of the inverting current conveyor namely ICCII + and ICCII - which are universal building blocks as will be demonstrated in this paper.
Abstract: The inverting second generation current conveyor ICCII includes two types. This paper concentrates on the two new types of the inverting current conveyor namely ICCII + and ICCII - . Although it may seem that there is only minor difference between the two types, there is a significant difference as will be evident from some applications considered in this paper. Both the ICCII + and the ICCII - are universal building blocks as will be demonstrated in this paper.
31 citations
TL;DR: The nullor and the Voltage Mirror (VM)–Current Mirror (CM) pair are shown to be self adjoint and the other two floating elements namely Nullator–CM pair and the VM–Norator pair are adjoint to each other.
Abstract: Although the adjoint network theorem preserves all the circuit properties it does not, however, guarantee that the floating property of an element is maintained. In other words, the adjoint of a floating element may not be floating and vice-versa a nonfloating element may have an adjoint floating element as will be explained in this paper. An important and new property of the Nodal Admittance Matrix (NAM) is that it can identify any element as a floating or nonfloating. The four floating basic building blocks including the nullor are tabulated. It is shown that the nullor and the Voltage Mirror (VM)–Current Mirror (CM) pair are self adjoint. The other two floating elements namely Nullator–CM pair and the VM–Norator pair are adjoint to each other. The NAM of the Op Amp family and Current Conveyor (CCII) family are also given. Two examples are given demonstrating the generation of two families of CCII filters from two known two-CCII filter circuits with demonstration of the floatation property in each of the two filters. Although the paper has a tutorial nature it also includes new important results.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a systematic approach to obtain alternative realizations for a particular active building block based on its simple ideal representation, which results in alternative representations which give the designer a choice of circuits that may be used to build the active device with the possibility of enhancing its characteristics.
Abstract: This paper describes a systematic approach to obtain alternative realizations for a particular active building block based on its simple ideal representation. The proposed approach relies on the properties of two categories of ideal elements; the well-known nullor elements and the mirror elements, which are basically used to model the active devices featuring voltage or current inverting properties. These ideal elements are used to obtain ideally equivalent nullor-mirror representations for a particular active device. The described approach results in alternative representations which give the designer a choice of circuits that may be used to build the active device with the possibility of enhancing its characteristics. As an example, the proposed approach is used to generate alternative realizations for the negative type of the second-generation current conveyor (CCII-). Most of the CCIIrealizations result in high performance in terms of impedance level, accuracy and frequency response. PSpice simulations that demonstrate the performance of the different realizations are also given.
26 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the minimum number of passive circuit components, namely two resistors and two capacitors, are employed for low-pass filters using two inverting second-generation current conveyor (ICCII) or one double output ICCII.
Abstract: Three new grounded capacitor current mode low-pass filters using two inverting second-generation current conveyor (ICCII) or one double output ICCII are given. The circuits employ the minimum number of passive circuit components, namely two resistors and two capacitors. The circuits are generated from three new voltage mode low-pass filters realized with the ICCII. A new grounded capacitor CCII+ current mode low-pass filter is generated from one of the new voltage mode low-pass filters employing two ICCII-. A new grounded passive component low-pass filter with independent control on Q and using three ICCII+ is also introduced. Spice simulation results based on using the 0.5 µm CMOS model are included to support the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
14 citations
TL;DR: A voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter and two quadrature oscillators (QOs) based on CCIIs namely second-generation current conveyors are proposed, which can provide all the standard second-order universal filter transfer functions and has the orthogonal control of the quality factor and angular resonance frequency.
Abstract: A voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter and two quadrature oscillators (QOs) based on CCIIs namely second-generation current conveyors are proposed. The proposed filter with one output and three inputs consists of two CCIIs, three resistors and two capacitors. It can provide all the standard second-order universal filter transfer functions with appropriate choice of input voltages. It also has the orthogonal control of the quality factor and angular resonance frequency. However, a resistive matching condition is required for the all-pass responses. The first proposed QO includes two CCIIs, three resistors and two grounded capacitors while the second one is composed of three plus-type CCIIs, three resistors and two grounded capacitors. By a single grounded resistor, oscillation frequencies of both of the proposed QOs can be controlled orthogonally. Furthermore, in order to confirm the theory, a lot of simulation and experimental results are given.
14 citations
References
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TL;DR: This correspondence introduces another new building block embodying the current conveying concept, but with different and more versatile terminal characteristics, considered to be a secondgeneration current conveyor.
Abstract: A recent publication [l] introduced the concept of current conveying and an implementation in the form of a circuit building block termed the current conveyor (CC). This block has proven to be useful in many inst.rumentation applications, some of which have already been test)ed and reported [2], [3], while others are still under investigation. This correspondence introduces another new building block embodying the current conveying concept, but with different and more versatile terminal characteristics. This new block is considered to be a secondgeneration current conveyor,1 and h.ence is termed CC II.2 Application of CC II to the areas of active network synthesis and analog computation will be considered..
1,386 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an analogue signal filtering method based on current amplifiers derived from well-known voltage amplifier circuits, which operate at higher signal bandwidths, with greater linearity, and have larger dynamic range than their voltage-based counterparts.
Abstract: This letter proposes an entirely new method for performing analogue signal filtering. All circuits are based upon current amplifiers but derived from well-known voltage amplifier circuits. These circuits possess the same sensitivity properties as their voltage amplifier counterparts. However, it is expected that these circuits will operate at higher signal bandwidths, with greater linearity, and have larger dynamic range than their voltage-based circuit counterparts.
386 citations
TL;DR: In this article, two high input impedance second-order filters with active and passive sensitivities inferior or equal to the unit are described, which use two second generation current conveyors, with positive current transfer (CCII/sup +/) and four passive components.
Abstract: Two high input impedance second-order filters with active and passive sensitivities inferior or equal to the unit are described. Both of them use two second generation current conveyors, with positive current transfer (CCII/sup +/) and four passive components. The first circuit achieves a low-pass or high-pass transfer according to the kind of passive components used. The second circuit achieves a band-pass transfer. SPICE simulation results using translinear current conveyors are given and discussed. They confirm the validity of the analysis and they point out the high performances of these filters. Experimental results obtained with the AD844 AN transimpedance operational amplifier show the advantage of these implementations compared to conventional ones. >
83 citations
01 Dec 1989
TL;DR: In this paper, a condition is established under which a current-conveyor circuit and an op-amp circuit can be said to be equivalent, and a procedure is given for generating equivalent Op-amp and current conveyor circuits from a given Op-AMP circuit.
Abstract: Nullors are used to provide a common framework for considering both current-conveyor and operational-amplifier circuits. A condition is established under which a current-conveyor circuit and an op-amp circuit can be said to be equivalent. A procedure is given for generating equivalent op-amp and current-conveyor circuits from a given op-amp (current-conveyor) circuit.
75 citations