Genetic Constructs for the Control of Astrocytes' Activity
A. A. Borodinova,Pavel M. Balaban,Pavel M. Balaban,Ilya Bezprozvanny,A. B. Salmina,O. L. Vlasova +5 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors discuss the principles and perspectives of using the genetic constructs based on AAV vectors to regulate astrocytes' activity and evaluate practical applications of optogenetic approaches utilizing different genetically encoded opsins to control astroglia activity.Abstract:
In the current review, we aim to discuss the principles and the perspectives of using the genetic constructs based on AAV vectors to regulate astrocytes' activity. Practical applications of optogenetic approaches utilizing different genetically encoded opsins to control astroglia activity were evaluated. The diversity of astrocytic cell-types complicates the rational design of an ideal viral vector for particular experimental goals. Therefore, efficient and sufficient targeting of astrocytes is a multiparametric process that requires a combination of specific AAV serotypes naturally predisposed to transduce astroglia with astrocyte-specific promoters in the AAV cassette. Inadequate combinations may result in off-target neuronal transduction to different degrees. Potentially, these constraints may be bypassed with the latest strategies of generating novel synthetic AAV serotypes with specified properties by rational engineering of AAV capsids or using directed evolution approach by searching within a more specific promoter or its replacement with the unique enhancer sequences characterized using modern molecular techniques (ChIP-seq, scATAC-seq, snATAC-seq) to drive the selective transgene expression in the target population of cells or desired brain regions. Realizing these strategies to restrict expression and to efficiently target astrocytic populations in specific brain regions or across the brain has great potential to enable future studies.read more
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Astrocytes in the initiation and progression of epilepsy
Annamaria Vezzani,Teresa Ravizza,Peter Bedner,Eleonora Aronica,Christian Steinhäuser,Detlev Boison +5 more
TL;DR: How dysregulation of key astrocyte functions - gliotransmission, cell metabolism and immune function - contribute to the development and progression of hyperexcitability in epilepsy is discussed.
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Astrocyte regulation of synaptic signaling in psychiatric disorders
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Optogenetic Activation of Astrocytes-Effects on Neuronal Network Function.
Evgenii Gerasimov,A. I. Erofeev,A. A. Borodinova,Anastasia Bolshakova,Pavel M. Balaban,Ilya Bezprozvanny,O. L. Vlasova +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, light stimulation was applied to astrocytes expressing a version of ChR2 (ionotropic opsin) or Opto-α1AR (metabotropic opin) with the aim of modulating neuronal activity.
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Novel Approaches Used to Examine and Control Neurogenesis in Parkinson's Disease.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of current approaches to assess neurogenesis and prospects in the application of optogenetic protocols to restore the neurogenisation in Parkinson's disease is presented.
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Looking to the stars for answers: Strategies for determining how astrocytes influence neuronal activity
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors provide a conceptual framework to study how astrocytes functionally integrate into neural circuits and to what extent they influence and direct the synaptic activity underlying behavioral responses.
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TL;DR: It is shown that adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9 injected intravenously bypasses the BBB and efficiently targets cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and may enable the development of gene therapies for a range of neurodegenerative diseases.
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