Genetic-geographic dispersion among North Indian populations and affinities of the Jats
01 Dec 1987-International Journal of Anthropology (Kluwer Academic Publishers)-Vol. 2, Iss: 4, pp 301-312
TL;DR: Variation in 13 loci across North India has been mapped using principal components and generalized distance analysis, finding that both caste and geography exert influence over the historically contentious affinities of the Jats.
Abstract: Variation in 13 loci across North India has been mapped using principal components and generalized distance analysis Significant clinal variation is documented for most systems, and genetic difference bears a relation to geographic distance especially along a north-west-to-southeast inclination Both caste and geography exert influence over the historically contentious affinities of the Jats
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors studied the effect of caste on digit ratios in India and found that different castes have different gene pools without a latitude-related difference component, and also studied the effects of sex, birth season, and family income.
Abstract: The contributions of latitude and ethnicity in the determination of cross‐society differences in digit ratios are unclear. In India, different castes (endogamous groups) have been living in the same areas (villages or towns) for the last 1500 years and, therefore, these groups may have different gene pools without a latitude‐related difference component. Thus, in the present study, we studied the effect of caste on digit ratios. We also studied the effects of sex, birth season, and family income on digit ratios.
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01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: Allele frequencies for 8 autosomal Short Tandem Repeat loci namely D18S51, D21S11, FGA, CSF1PO, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D2S1338 and Amelogenin, were studied in 50 unrelated individuals from the Jat Sikh population of M.P.P and are an addition to the existing autosomal STR database on the Indian population.
Abstract: Allele frequencies for 8 autosomal Short Tandem Repeat loci namely D18S51, D21S11, FGA, CSF1PO, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D2S1338 and Amelogenin, were studied in 50 unrelated individuals from the Jat Sikh population of M.P. PCR amplification was performed with the AmpFlSTR® MinifilerTM PCR Amplification system and the amplified products were separated by ABI 3100 DNA genetic analyzer. No significant departure from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) expectations were observed for 8 STR loci analyzed (P-value > 0.05). None of the P-values could be considered significant. No linkage disequilibrium was found between the loci as all loci are located on the different chromosome, and thus they are statistically independent. The F IS value for Jat Sikh population has been calculated as 0.005. This low F IS value indicates that the population is in random mating with high level of heterozygosity. The power of discrimination of the microsatellite markers used was found to be high for the studied populations. The data thereof is of significance for forensic result interpretation and is an addition to the existing autosomal STR database on the Indian population.
TL;DR: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is emerging as a major non-communicable disease in developing countries and principal component and Mahalanobis generalized distance analysis suggests relative dissimilarity in the “Punjabi” disease subgroups indicating possible genetic heterogeneity.
Abstract: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is emerging as a major non-communicable disease in developing countries. Using principal component and Mahalanobis' generalized distance analyses, we examined gene frequency data at 3 polymorphic loci in sedentee urban controls, urban diabetics of the “Punjabi” population along with other comparative populations from North India. Mahalanobis generalized distance analysis suggests relative dissimilarity in the “Punjabi” disease subgroups indicating possible genetic heterogeneity. The genetic distance analysis also identified clinal variation along a north-west to south-east axis in North India.
Cites methods from "Genetic-geographic dispersion among..."
...The clinal variation was assessed on the major axis from the coalignment of geographic and allele frequency loadings (see Corruccini and Gill, 1987 )....
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References
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TL;DR: If enough data are available, genetic distance between any pair of organisms can be measured in terms of D, and this measure is applicable to any kind of organism without regard to ploidy or mating scheme.
Abstract: A measure of genetic distance (D) based on the identity of genes between populations is formulated. It is defined as D = -logeI, where I is the normalized identity of genes between two populations. This genetic distance measures the accumulated allele differences per locus. If the rate of gene substitution per year is constant, it is linearly related to the divergence time between populations under sexual isolation. It is also linearly related to geographical distance or area in some migration models. Since D is a measure of the accumulated number of codon differences per locus, it can also be estimated from data on amino acid sequences in proteins even for a distantly related species. Thus, if enough data are available, genetic distance between any pair of organisms can be measured in terms of D. This measure is applicable to any kind of organism without regard to ploidy or mating scheme.
8,801 citations
TL;DR: A method is presented by which the gene diversity (heterozygosity) of a subdivided population can be analyzed into its components, i.e., the gene diversities within and between subpopulations.
Abstract: A method is presented by which the gene diversity (heterozygosity) of a subdivided population can be analyzed into its components, i.e., the gene diversities within and between subpopulations. This method is applicable to any population without regard to the number of alleles per locus, the pattern of evolutionary forces such as mutation, selection, and migration, and the reproductive method of the organism used. Measures of the absolute and relative magnitudes of gene differentiation among subpopulations are also proposed.
8,465 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: This paper shows how suitable evolutionary models can be constructed and applied objectively and how the type of data will affect both the method of treatment and the validity of the results.
Abstract: Acceptance of the theory of evolution as the means of explaining observed similarities and differences among organisms invites the construction of trees of descent purporting to show evolutionary relationships. Whether such trees are based on fossil or living specimens, they may often be criticized for having a high subjective element. The purpose of this paper is to show how suitable evolutionary models can be constructed and applied objectively. In it we amplify and extend the methods we have given in previous communications (Edwards and Cavalli-Sforza, 1963a, b, 1964, 1965; Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards, 1964, 1966; Cavalli-Sforza, Barrai and Edwards, 1964; Cavalli-Sforza, 1966). Considering the great variety of information provided by living organisms, it is clear that the type of data will affect both the method of treatment and the validity of the results: the higher the correlation of data and genotype, the greater is the validity likely to be. Information on nucleic acid and protein structure comes first in the scale of relevance, and that on phenotypic measurements last; discrete and continuous variation demand different treatments, and evolutionary models appropriate to both cases will therefore be required for estimation purposes. Differences which are the result of mutation are formally discrete, and evolution a t the molecular level thus needs discontinuous treatment; but even in this case the limit of observation may turn the data into the
3,891 citations
TL;DR: The utility of the inter-locus variance of heterozygosity for studying the mechanism of maintenance of genetic variability in populations is indicated and mathematical formulae for the sampling variances are developed.
Abstract: Mathematical formulae for the sampling variances of average heterozygosity and Nei's genetic distance are developed. These sampling variances are decomposed into their two components, i.e. the inter-locus and intra-locus variances. The relationship between the number of loci and the number of individuals per locus to be examined for estimating average heterozygosity and genetic distance is also discussed. The utility of the inter-locus variance of heterozygosity for studying the mechanism of maintenance of genetic variability in populations is indicated.
1,588 citations