Genome reduction as the dominant mode of evolution
Yuri I. Wolf,Eugene V. Koonin +1 more
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TLDR
Quantitatively, the evolution of genomes appears to be dominated by reduction and simplification, punctuated by episodes of complexification, and a general model composed of two distinct evolutionary phases is proposed.Abstract:
A common belief is that evolution generally proceeds towards greater complexity at both the organismal and the genomic level, numerous examples of reductive evolution of parasites and symbionts notwithstanding However, recent evolutionary reconstructions challenge this notion Two notable examples are the reconstruction of the complex archaeal ancestor and the intron-rich ancestor of eukaryotes In both cases, evolution in most of the lineages was apparently dominated by extensive loss of genes and introns, respectively These and many other cases of reductive evolution are consistent with a general model composed of two distinct evolutionary phases: the short, explosive, innovation phase that leads to an abrupt increase in genome complexity, followed by a much longer reductive phase, which encompasses either a neutral ratchet of genetic material loss or adaptive genome streamlining Quantitatively, the evolution of genomes appears to be dominated by reduction and simplification, punctuated by episodes of complexificationread more
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Evolution by gene loss
Ricard Albalat,Cristian Cañestro +1 more
TL;DR: These questions are addressed, and insights are discussed from genomic studies of gene loss in populations and their relevance in evolutionary biology and biomedicine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional Profiling of a Plasmodium Genome Reveals an Abundance of Essential Genes
Ellen Bushell,Ana Rita Gomes,Theo Sanderson,Burcu Anar,Gareth Girling,Colin Herd,Tom Metcalf,Katarzyna Modrzynska,Frank Schwach,Rowena E. Martin,Michael W. Mather,Geoffrey I. McFadden,Leopold Parts,Gavin G. Rutledge,Akhil B. Vaidya,Kai Wengelnik,Julian C. Rayner,Oliver Billker +17 more
TL;DR: The genomes of malaria parasites contain many genes of unknown function and the level of genetic redundancy in a single-celled organism may reflect the degree of environmental variation it experiences, which helps rationalize both the relative successes of drugs and the greater difficulty of making an effective vaccine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tempo and Mode of Genome Evolution in the Budding Yeast Subphylum.
Xing-Xing Shen,Dana A. Opulente,Dana A. Opulente,Jacek Kominek,Jacek Kominek,Xiaofan Zhou,Xiaofan Zhou,Jacob L. Steenwyk,Kelly V. Buh,Max A. B. Haase,Max A. B. Haase,Max A. B. Haase,Jennifer H. Wisecaver,Jennifer H. Wisecaver,Mingshuang Wang,Drew T. Doering,James T. Boudouris,Rachel M. Schneider,Rachel M. Schneider,Quinn K. Langdon,Moriya Ohkuma,Rikiya Endoh,Masako Takashima,Ri-ichiroh Manabe,Neža Čadež,Diego Libkind,Carlos A. Rosa,Jeremy DeVirgilio,Amanda Beth Hulfachor,Marizeth Groenewald,Cletus P. Kurtzman,Chris Todd Hittinger,Chris Todd Hittinger,Antonis Rokas +33 more
TL;DR: It is argued that reductive evolution is a major mode of evolutionary diversification and chronicle the tempo and mode of genomic and phenotypic evolution across the subphylum, which is characterized by very low HGT levels and widespread losses of traits and the genes that control them.
Journal ArticleDOI
Endosymbiotic theory for organelle origins
TL;DR: Protein import is the strongest evidence the authors have for the single origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria and is probably also the strongestevidence they have to sort out the number and nature of secondary endosymbiotic events that have occurred in evolution involving the red plastid lineage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Full House: The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin.
TL;DR: Stephen Jay Gould challenges two widely accepted claims: Firstly, that the decline this century of very high-quality information is a trend, and secondly, that human evolution is in decline.
References
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Book
An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications
Ming Li,Paul M. B. Vitányi +1 more
TL;DR: The Journal of Symbolic Logic as discussed by the authors presents a thorough treatment of the subject with a wide range of illustrative applications such as the randomness of finite objects or infinite sequences, Martin-Loef tests for randomness, information theory, computational learning theory, the complexity of algorithms, and the thermodynamics of computing.
An Introduction to Kolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications
Ming Li,Paul M. B. Vitányi +1 more
TL;DR: The book presents a thorough treatment of the central ideas and their applications of Kolmogorov complexity with a wide range of illustrative applications, and will be ideal for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers in computer science, mathematics, cognitive sciences, philosophy, artificial intelligence, statistics, and physics.
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The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change
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The origins of genome complexity.
Michael Lynch,John S. Conery +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that many of these modifications emerged passively in response to the long-term population-size reductions that accompanied increases in organism size, and provided novel substrates for the secondary evolution of phenotypic complexity by natural selection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomics and Evolution of Heritable Bacterial Symbionts
TL;DR: Insect heritable symbionts provide some of the extremes of cellular genomes, including the smallest and the fastest evolving, raising new questions about the limits of evolution of life.