Genome-wide analyses for personality traits identify six genomic loci and show correlations with psychiatric disorders
Summary (1 min read)
Introduction
- UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Genome-wide analyses for personality traits identify six genomic loci and show correlations with psychiatric disorders.
- It models personality according to five broad domains4.
- All six SNPs discovered here reside in loci for which genome-wide significant associations with other phenotypes have been reported (US National Human Genome Research Institute GWAS catalog).
- The authors analyses did not show consistent evidence for these SNPs influencing personality traits through gene expression in the brain, but cautious interpretation is warranted owing to the small eQTL sample (N = 134).
XKR6
- The opposite signals might be attributable to negative phenotypic association between neuroticism and extraversion.
- A pairwise genetic correlation matrix (11 × 11) revealed several significant correlations (Fig. 3a and Supplementary Table 4).
- These findings provide additional support for shared genetic influences between personality traits and psychiatric disorders3,21,23 and for the idea that personality traits and psychiatric disorders exist on a continuum in phenotypic and genomic space5,11.
- The overall effort promises to have great relevance to public health.
MeTHODs
- Methods, including statements of data availability and any associated accession codes and references, are available in the online version of the paper.
- Any Supplementary Information and Source Data files are available in the online version of the paper, also known as Note.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- The authors thank the customers, research participants and employees of 23andMe for making this work possible.
- The FRIPRO Mobility grant scheme is cofunded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under Marie Curie grant agreement no.
- D.J.S. is supported by a Lister Institute Prize fellowship.
- The research leading to deCODE results was supported in part by the US National Institutes of Health NIDA (R01-DA017932 and R01-DA034076) and the Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under grant agreement no.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
- M.-T.L. and C.-H.C. analyzed data and wrote the manuscript.
- All authors commented on and approved the manuscript.
COMPETING FINANCIAL INTERESTS
- The authors declare competing financial interests: details are available in the online version of the paper.
- Vukasović , T. & Bratko, D. Heritability of personality: a meta-analysis of behavior genetic studies.
- Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for neuroticism, and the polygenic association with major depressive disorder.
- Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci.
ONLINe MeTHODs
- The GWAS summary statistics were obtained from a subset of 23andMe participants.
- The authors focused on autosomal SNPs, which are available for 23andMe, GPC and UK Biobank samples.
- The authors made QQ plots with GWAS summary statistics of the 23andMe sample.
- Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.
Did you find this useful? Give us your feedback
Citations
1,218 citations
492 citations
300 citations
272 citations
References
26,280 citations
7,615 citations
7,538 citations
6,809 citations
5,607 citations
Related Papers (5)
Frequently Asked Questions (14)
Q2. How was the harmonization of personality measures performed in GPC-2?
In GPC-2, harmonization of measures for neuroticism and extraversion across 9 inventories and 29 cohorts was performed by applying Item Response Theory (IRT) to avoid personality scores being influenced by the number of items and the specific inventory.
Q3. What is the meta-analysis of 23andMe and GPC samples?
Given improved power for detection of genetic effects with larger sample sizes in GWAS, the authors performed a combined meta-analysis of 23andMe and GPC samples using METAL54 on the basis of the sample-size based method.
Q4. Why did the authors use only GWAS summary statistics?
Because the authors used only GWAS summary statistics, the authors cannot estimate nonadditive genetic variance, such as dominance and epistasis, or genetic contributions from structural (e.g., inversions) or rare variants.
Q5. What was the phasing of the genotype data of GPC-1?
Genotype data of GPC-1 were then imputed using HapMap phase II CEU (Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry from the CEPH collection) as a reference panel including ~2.5 million SNPs6 and, alternatively, a reference panel from 1000 Genomes Project phase 1 version 3 was used to impute the genotype data of GPC-2 (refs. 7,35,36).
Q6. what is the role of chromosome 8p in schizophrenia?
10. Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. & Rubenstein, J.L.R. Chromosome 8p as a potential hub for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders: implications for schizophrenia, autism and cancer.
Q7. Why are the personality measures more comparable across GPC-2 cohorts?
Because thepersonality measures were not assessed similarly across GPC-2 cohorts, the harmonized or calibrated scores of personality are more comparable, thereby increasing power for meta-analysis of GWAS using fixed-effect models7,35,36.
Q8. How many SNPs were reduced into 9270,523?
The original 13,341,935 SNPs were reduced into 9,270,523 SNPs in their subsequent analyses (e.g., LD correlation structure is used to determine LD-independent SNPs).
Q9. What is the significance of the correlation between personality traits and psychiatric disorders?
Maladaptive or extreme variants of personality may contribute to the persistence of, or vulnerability to, psychiatric disorders and comorbidity5,11,21,23.
Q10. How many SNPs are in the sample?
156 VOLUME 49 | NUMBER 1 | JANUARY 2017 Nature GeNeticsCaveats of this study include that the sample size, although large, is underpowered to detect the majority of associated SNPs, given the conservative GWAS significance threshold.
Q11. What was the author's consent for the study?
All deCODE studies were approved by the appropriate bioethics and data-protection authorities, and all subjects donating blood provided informed consent.
Q12. What is the phenotypic association between personality traits and mental health?
In addition to phenotypic relationships, twin and GWAS studies have demonstrated genetic correlations between personality traits and psychiatric disorders3,21,23, though most focus on neuroticism (Supplementary Note).
Q13. What were the posterior probabilities for the five hypotheses?
The posterior probabilities (PP0, PP1, PP2, PP3 and PP4) for five hypotheses (H0, no association with either trait; H1, association with trait 1, not with trait 2; H2, association with trait 2, not with trait 1; H3, independent association with two traits, two independent SNPs; H4, association with both traits, one shared SNP)18 were calculated to determine which hypothesis is supported by the data.
Q14. What were the results of the eQTL P analysis?
This procedure resulted in six distributions of eQTL P values that matched the significant SNPs in terms of allele frequencies and TSS, and these were used to determine the ranking of eQTL associations (Supplementary Tables 1 and 5).