Geometric and Electrochemical Characteristics of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Electrode with Different Calendering Conditions
01 Apr 2017-
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of calendering process on the geometric characteristics and electrochemical performance of LiNi1/3Mn 1/3Co/3O2 (NMC) electrodes was investigated.
Abstract: The impact of calendering process on the geometric characteristics and electrochemical performance of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) electrode was investigated in this study. The geometric properties of NMC electrodes with different calendering conditions, such as porosity, pore size distribution, particle size distribution, specific surface area and tortuosity were calculated from the computed tomography data of the electrodes. A synchrotron transmission X-ray microscopy tomography system at the Advanced Photon Source of the Argonne National Laboratory was employed to obtain the tomography data. The geometric and electrochemical analysis show that calendering can increase the electrochemically active area, which improves rate capability. However, more calendering will result in crushing of NMC particles, which can reduce the electrode capacity at relatively high C rates. This study shows that the optimum electrochemical performance of NMC electrode at 94:3:3 weight ratio of NMC:binder:carbon black can be achieved by calendering to 3.0 g/cm3 NMC density.
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TL;DR: An introductory summary of the state-of-the-art production technologies for automotive LIBs is presented and the importance of understanding relationships between the production process and battery performance is discussed.
Abstract: Production technology for automotive lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells and packs has improved considerably in the past five years. However, the transfer of developments in materials, cell design and processes from lab scale to production scale remains a challenge due to the large number of consecutive process steps and the significant impact of material properties, electrode compositions and cell designs on processes. This requires an in-depth understanding of the individual production processes and their interactions, and pilot-scale investigations into process parameter selection and prototype cell production. Furthermore, emerging process concepts must be developed at lab and pilot scale that reduce production costs and improve cell performance. Here, we present an introductory summary of the state-of-the-art production technologies for automotive LIBs. We then discuss the key relationships between process, quality and performance, as well as explore the impact of materials and processes on scale and cost. Finally, future developments and innovations that aim to overcome the main challenges are presented. The battery manufacturing process significantly affects battery performance. This Review provides an introductory overview of production technologies for automotive batteries and discusses the importance of understanding relationships between the production process and battery performance.
598 citations
15 Feb 2012
TL;DR: Liu et al. as discussed by the authors investigated lithium-ion electrode laminates as polymer composites to explain their performance variation due to changes in formulation and introduced a physical model in which AB and AM particles compete for polymer binder, which forms fixed layers of polymer on their surfaces.
Abstract: Author(s): Liu, G; Zheng, H; Song, X; Battaglia, VS | Abstract: This paper investigates lithium-ion electrode laminates as polymer composites to explain their performance variation due to changes in formulation. There are three essential components in a positive electrode laminate: active material (AM) particles, acetylene black (AB) particles, and the polymer binder. The high filler content and discrete particle sizes make the electrode laminate a very unique polymer composite. This work introduces a physical model in which AB and AM particles compete for polymer binder, which forms fixed layers of polymer on their surfaces. This competition leads to the observed variations in electrode morphology and performance for different electrode formulations. The electronic conductivities of the cathode laminates were measured and compared to an effective conductivity calculation based on the physical model to probe the interaction among the three components to reveal the critical factors controlling electrode conductivity and electrochemical performance. The data and effective conductivity calculation results agree very well with each other. This developed physical model provides a theoretical guideline for optimization of electrode composition for most polymer binder-based Li-ion battery electrodes. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society.
146 citations
TL;DR: There is an urgent need for cost-effective strategies to realize robust transport networks, and an in-depth understanding of the roles of active materials, binders, electrode designs based on various templates, pore additives, etc., are introduced.
Abstract: The charge transport system in an energy storage device (ESD) fundamentally controls the electrochemical performance and device safety. As the skeleton of the charge transport system, the "traffic" networks connecting the active materials are primary structural factors controlling the transport of ions/electrons. However, with the development of ESDs, it becomes very critical but challenging to build traffic networks with rational structures and mechanical robustness, which can support high energy density, fast charging and discharging capability, cycle stability, safety, and even device flexibility. This is especially true for ESDs with high-capacity active materials (e.g., sulfur and silicon), which show notable volume change during cycling. Therefore, there is an urgent need for cost-effective strategies to realize robust transport networks, and an in-depth understanding of the roles of their structures and properties in device performance. To address this urgent need, the primary strategies reported recently are summarized here into three categories according to their controllability over ion-transport networks, electron-transport networks, or both of them. More specifically, the significant studies on active materials, binders, electrode designs based on various templates, pore additives, etc., are introduced accordingly. Finally, significant challenges and opportunities for building robust charge transport system in next-generation energy storage devices are discussed.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present the first thermodynamic models to quantitatively evaluate solid-state and Li-ion battery heat release under several failure scenarios, and show that short-circuited all-solid-state batteries can reach temperatures significantly higher than conventional Li ion, which could lead to fire through flammable packaging and/or nearby materials.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method to preferentially place a composite binder phase throughout the mesostructure of a lithium-ion battery is presented, a necessary approach due difficulty distinguishing between non-active phases in tomographic data.
Abstract: Lithium-ion battery electrodes are composed of active material particles, binder, and conductive additives that form an electrolytefilled porous particle composite. The mesoscale (particle-scale) interplay of electrochemistry, mechanical deformation, and transport through this tortuous multi-component network dictates the performance of a battery at the cell-level. Effective electrode properties connect mesoscale phenomena with computationally feasible battery-scale simulations. We utilize published tomography data to reconstruct a large subsection (1000+ particles) of an NMC333 cathode into a computational mesh and extract electrode-scale effective properties from finite element continuum-scale simulations. We present a novel method to preferentially place a composite binder phase throughout the mesostructure, a necessary approach due difficulty distinguishing between non-active phases in tomographic data. We compare stress generation and effective thermal, electrical, and ionic conductivities across several binder placement approaches. Isotropic lithiation-dependent mechanical swelling of the NMC particles and the consideration of strain-dependent composite binder conductivity significantly impact the resulting effective property trends and stresses generated. Our results suggest that composite binder location significantly affects mesoscale behavior, indicating that a binder coating on active particles is not sufficient and that more accurate approaches should be used when calculating effective properties that will inform battery-scale models in this inherently multi-scale battery simulation challenge. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0601711jes] All rights reserved.
66 citations
References
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28 Jun 2009
TL;DR: A general purpose mesh generator for creating finite-element surface or volumetric mesh from 31) binary or gray-scale medical images and demonstrates the applications of this toolbox for meshing a range of challenging geometries including complex vessel network, human brain and breast.
Abstract: We report a general purpose mesh generator for creating finite-element surface or volumetric mesh from 31) binary or gray-scale medical images. This toolbox incorporates a number of existing free mesh processing utilities and enables researchers to perform a range of mesh processing tasks for image-based mesh generation, including raw image processing, surface mesh extraction, surface re-sampling, and multi-scale/adaptive tetrahedral mesh generation. We also implemented robust algorithms for meshing open-surfaces and sub-region labeling. Atomic meshing utilities for each processing step can be accessed with simple interfaces, which can be streamlined or executed independently. The toolbox is compatible with Matlab or GNU Octave. We demonstrate the applications of this toolbox for meshing a range of challenging geometries including complex vessel network, human brain and breast.
697 citations
"Geometric and Electrochemical Chara..." refers methods in this paper
...Tetrahedral meshed microstructures of the electrodes were generated from the binary volumetric data with iso2mesh MATLAB algorithm [32]....
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TL;DR: An introductory summary of the state-of-the-art production technologies for automotive LIBs is presented and the importance of understanding relationships between the production process and battery performance is discussed.
Abstract: Production technology for automotive lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells and packs has improved considerably in the past five years. However, the transfer of developments in materials, cell design and processes from lab scale to production scale remains a challenge due to the large number of consecutive process steps and the significant impact of material properties, electrode compositions and cell designs on processes. This requires an in-depth understanding of the individual production processes and their interactions, and pilot-scale investigations into process parameter selection and prototype cell production. Furthermore, emerging process concepts must be developed at lab and pilot scale that reduce production costs and improve cell performance. Here, we present an introductory summary of the state-of-the-art production technologies for automotive LIBs. We then discuss the key relationships between process, quality and performance, as well as explore the impact of materials and processes on scale and cost. Finally, future developments and innovations that aim to overcome the main challenges are presented. The battery manufacturing process significantly affects battery performance. This Review provides an introductory overview of production technologies for automotive batteries and discusses the importance of understanding relationships between the production process and battery performance.
598 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electroanalytical behavior of thin electrodes is elucidated by the simultaneous application of three electro analytical techniques: slow scan-rate cyclic voltammetry (SSCV), potentiostatic intermittent titration technique, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Abstract: The electroanalytical behavior of thin electrodes is elucidated by the simultaneous application of three electroanalytical techniques: slow‐scan‐rate cyclic voltammetry (SSCV), potentiostatic intermittent titration technique, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The data were treated within the framework of a simple model expressed by a Frumkin‐type sorption isotherm. The experimental SSCV curves were well described by an equation combining such an isotherm with the Butler‐Volmer equation for slow interfacial Li‐ion transfer. The apparent attraction constant was −4.2, which is characteristic of a quasi‐equilibrium, first‐order phase transition. Impedance spectra reflected a process with the following steps: ion migration in solution, ion migration through surface films, strongly potential‐dependent charge‐transfer resistance, solid‐state diffusion, and accumulation of the intercalants into the host materials. An excellent fit was found between these spectra and an equivalent circuit, including a Voigt‐type analog ( migration through multilayer surface films and charge transfer) in series with a finite‐length Warburg‐type element ( solid‐state diffusion), and a capacitor (Li accumulation). In this paper, we compare the solid‐state diffusion time constants and the differential intercalation capacities obtained by the three electroanalytical techniques. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
594 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combined modeling and experiments to quantify tortuosity in electrolyte-filled porous battery structures (separator and active-material film) by measuring the AC impedance and polarization-interrupt.
446 citations
TL;DR: In this article, various kinds of activated carbon/activated carbon fibers were used in the evaluation of electrical double layer capacitors using the method of image analysis, and the appropriate hydrated ion structures in an aqueous system of H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O and an organic system of LiClO 4 /polypropylene carbonate were calculated using the software Cerius 2 (ver. 3.8).
Abstract: Various kinds of activated carbon/activated carbon fibers were used in the evaluation of electrical double layer capacitors using the method of image analysis. The appropriate hydrated ion structures in an aqueous system of H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O and an organic system of LiClO 4 /polypropylene carbonate were calculated using the software Cerius 2 (ver. 3.8). The capacitance obtained varied with the electrolyte used, even though the capacitor material remained the same. The relationship between the pore size and the electrolyte ion diameter is discussed.
310 citations