Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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Cites background from "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"
...While there is evidence that GDM can occur in all three settings [20,21], the vast majority (~80%) of GDM cases present as β-cell dysfunction on a background of chronic insulin resistance, to which the normal insulin resistance of pregnancy is partially additive [22]....
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References
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"Gestational Diabetes Mellitus" refers background in this paper
...impaired glucose tolerance results in a reciprocal downregulation of insulin secretion (61), which in turn is associated with a reduction in the risk of diabetes and with preservation of β cell function (62)....
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...reductions in endogenous insulin requirements and ultimately associated with stabilization of pancreatic β cell function (62)....
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...That loss can be slowed or stopped through the treatment of insulin resistance in order to reduce of high insulin secretory demands (62)....
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1,068 citations
"Gestational Diabetes Mellitus" refers background in this paper
...These include mutations in genes coding for: (a) glucokinase (MODY 2) (29, 33–35); (b) hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (MODY 3) (29); (c) and insulin promoter factor 1 (MODY 4) (29)....
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...Early-onset diabetes with a relevant family history (autosomal dominant inheritance for MODY; maternal inheritance for mitochondrial mutations) may provide a clue to the diagnosis....
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...Mutations that cause several subtypes of MODY have been found in women with GDM....
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...Some patients have mutations in autosomes (autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, commonly referred to as maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY], with genetic subtypes denoted as MODY 1, MODY 2, etc.)....
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...In addition, Ellard et al. (34) have provided 4 clinical criteria that have relatively high specificity for identifying women with the glucokinase mutations that cause 1 form of MODY, MODY2: (a) persisting fasting hyperglycemia (105–145 mg/dl) after pregnancy; (b) a small (less than 82 mg/dl) increment in glucose above the fasting level during a 75-g, 2-hour OGTT; (c) insulin treatment during at least 1 pregnancy but subsequently controlled on diet; and (d) a firstdegree relative with type 2 diabetes, GDM, or fasting serum or plasma glucose greater than 100 mg/dl....
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