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Getting biodiversity projects to work : towards more effective conservation and development

TL;DR: McShane et al. as discussed by the authors presented an integrated conversation and development (ICDP) framework for integrated conservation and development, which is based on the CARE experience and integrated ICD into a project framework.
Abstract: Section I. The challenge of linking conservation and development 1. Trying to better understand integrated conservation and development, by Thomas O. McShane and Michael P. Wells 2. Jack of all trades, by master of none: inherent contradictions among ICD approaches, John G. Robinson a 3. The pathology of projects, by Jeffery Sayer and Michael P. Wells 4. Expecting the unattainable: the assumptions behind ICDPs, by Thomas O. McShane and Suad A. Newby Section II. Application and Issues 5. Fitting ICD into a project framework: the CARE experience, by Phil Franks and Thomas Blomley 6. Making biodiversity conservation a land-use priority, by Agnes Kiss 7. Yellowstone: a 130-year experiment in integrated conservation and development, by Dennis Glick and Curtis Freese 8. Policies, by parks and projects: a review of three Costa Rican ICDPs, Katrina Brandon and Mic 9. Indigenous peoples and protected areas: the case of the Sibuyan Mangyan Tagabukid, by Philippines, Edgardo Tongson and Marisel Dino 10. Land tenure and state property: a comparison of the Korup and Kilum ICDPs in Cameroon, by Steve Gartlan 11. Trade-off analysis for integrated conservation and development, by Katrina Brown 12. Transforming approaches to CBNRM: learning from the Luangwa experience in Zambia, by Brian Child and Barry Dalal-Clayton 13. Ecodevelopment in India, by Shekhar Singh and Arpan Sharma 14. Conservation landscapes: whose landscapes, by whose trade-offs?, Stewart Maginnis, Bill Jackson and Nigel Dudley 15. Poverty and forests: sustaining livelihoods in integrated conservation and development, by Gill Shepherd Section III. Conclusions 16. Using adaptive management to improve ICDPs, by Nick Salafsky and Richard Margoluis 17. The future of integrated conversation and development projects: building on what works, by Michael P. Wells, Thomas O. McShane, Holly T. Dublin, Sheila O'Connor and Kent
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Payments for environmental services (PES) have attracted increasing interest as a mechanism to translate external, non-market values of the environment into real financial incentives for local actors to provide environmental services as mentioned in this paper.

2,130 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a review of 49 tropical protected areas shows that parks are generally effective at curtailing deforestation within their boundaries, but deforestation in surrounding areas is isolating protected areas.
Abstract: ▪ Abstract The world's system of protected areas has grown exponentially over the past 25 years, particularly in developing countries where biodiversity is greatest. Concurrently, the mission of protected areas has expanded from biodiversity conservation to improving human welfare. The result is a shift in favor of protected areas allowing local resource use. Given the multiple purposes of many protected areas, measuring effectiveness is difficult. Our review of 49 tropical protected areas shows that parks are generally effective at curtailing deforestation within their boundaries. But deforestation in surrounding areas is isolating protected areas. Many initiatives now aim to link protected areas to local socioeconomic development. Some of these initiatives have been successful, but in general expectations need to be tempered regarding the capacity of protected areas to alleviate poverty. Greater attention must also be paid to the broader policy context of biodiversity loss, poverty, and unsustainable la...

1,067 citations


Cites background from "Getting biodiversity projects to wo..."

  • ...A recent book on ICDPs found that both conservation organizations and funding agencies are identifying serious problems with the ICDP approach (73)....

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  • ...Since then ICDPs have proliferated around parks scattered throughout developing countries, and they have captured a sizeable portion of support for conservation (73)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The background and limitations of win–win approaches to conservation and human well-being are explored, the prospect of approaching conservation challenges in terms of trade-offs and hard choices are discussed, and a set of guiding principles are presented that can serve to orient strategic analysis and communication regardingTrade-offs.

781 citations


Cites background from "Getting biodiversity projects to wo..."

  • ...After more than 20 years of international conservation experience, initiatives that produce win–win outcomes appear to be the exception as opposed to the rule (Robinson, 1993; Songorwa, 1999; Christensen, 2004; McShane and Wells, 2004; GEF, 2005; Redford and Fearn, 2007; Sunderland et al., 2008)....

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  • ...…as biodiversity and ecosystem services), and between human livelihoods and conservation (Faith and Walker, 2002; Adams et al., 2004; Brown, 2004; McShane and Wells, 2004; Garnett et al. 2007; Cheung and Sumaila, 2008; Sunderland et al., 2008; Chhatre and Agrawal, 2009; Dahlberg and Burlando,…...

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  • ...Over the last few years, several writers in conservation and related areas have pointed to the importance of acknowledging and analysing trade-offs as an antidote to win–win framing (Faith and Walker, 2002; Brown, 2004; McShane and Wells, 2004; Sunderland et al., 2008)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the scope and purpose of eighteen subfields of classic, interdisciplinary and applied conservation social sciences and articulates ten distinct contributions that the social sciences can make to understanding and improving conservation.

717 citations


Cites background from "Getting biodiversity projects to wo..."

  • ...Overviews: (Fisher et al., 2008; McShane and Wells, 2004; Roe et al., 2012) Examples: (Andam et al., 2010; Mascia et al., 2010; Sachs et al., 2009; West et al., 2006) Environmental and Conservation Education Environmental and conservation education aims to cultivate awareness, ecological…...

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  • ...…et al., 2011; Sachs et al., 2009), and how to design and implement successful conservation and development (e.g., poverty reduction, sustainable livelihoods, payments for ecosystem services, tourism) programmes (Bennett et al., 2012; Blom et al., 2010; McShane and Wells, 2004; Spenceley, 2008)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The new conservation paradigm should incorporate a landscape approach in which small farmers, through their social organizations, work with conservationists to create a landscape matrix dominated by productive agroecological systems that facilitate interpatch migration while promoting a sustainable and dignified livelihood for rural communities.
Abstract: It is almost certainly the case that many populations have always existed as metapopulations, leading to the conclusion that local extinctions are common and normally balanced by migrations. This conclusion has major consequences for biodiversity conservation in fragmented tropical forests and the agricultural matrices in which they are embedded. Here we make the argument that the conservation paradigm that focuses on setting aside pristine forests while ignoring the agricultural landscape is a failed strategy in light of what is now conventional wisdom in ecology. Given the fragmented nature of most tropical ecosystems, agricultural landscapes should be an essential component of any conservation strategy. We review the literature on biodiversity in tropical agricultural landscapes and present evidence that many tropical agricultural systems have high levels of biodiversity (planned and associated). These systems represent, not only habitat for biodiversity, but also a high-quality matrix that permits the movement of forest organisms among patches of natural vegetation. We review a variety of agroecosystem types and conclude that diverse, low-input systems using agroecological principles are probably the best option for a high-quality matrix. Such systems are most likely to be constructed by small farmers with land titles, who, in turn, are normally the consequence of grassroots social movements. Therefore, the new conservation paradigm should incorporate a landscape approach in which small farmers, through their social organizations, work with conservationists to create a landscape matrix dominated by productive agroecological systems that facilitate interpatch migration while promoting a sustainable and dignified livelihood for rural communities.

540 citations


Cites background from "Getting biodiversity projects to wo..."

  • ...…so much investment by bilateral development agencies and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) during the 1990s, and which generated debate in the development conservation literature (Oates 1999; Rabinowitz 1999; Terborgh 1999; Wilshusen et al. 2000; Brechin et al. 2002; McShane & Wells 2004)....

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