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Journal ArticleDOI

ggtree: an R package for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees with their covariates and other associated data

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TLDR
An r package, ggtree, which provides programmable visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees, which can read more tree file formats than other softwares, and support visualization of phylo, multiphylo, phylo4, phyla4d, obkdata and phyloseq tree objects defined in other r packages.
Abstract
Summary We present an r package, ggtree, which provides programmable visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees. ggtree can read more tree file formats than other softwares, including newick, nexus, NHX, phylip and jplace formats, and support visualization of phylo, multiphylo, phylo4, phylo4d, obkdata and phyloseq tree objects defined in other r packages. It can also extract the tree/branch/node-specific and other data from the analysis outputs of beast, epa, hyphy, paml, phylodog, pplacer, r8s, raxml and revbayes software, and allows using these data to annotate the tree. The package allows colouring and annotation of a tree by numerical/categorical node attributes, manipulating a tree by rotating, collapsing and zooming out clades, highlighting user selected clades or operational taxonomic units and exploration of a large tree by zooming into a selected portion. A two-dimensional tree can be drawn by scaling the tree width based on an attribute of the nodes. A tree can be annotated with an associated numerical matrix (as a heat map), multiple sequence alignment, subplots or silhouette images. The package ggtree is released under the artistic-2.0 license. The source code and documents are freely available through bioconductor (http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/ggtree).

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Detection of a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern in South Africa.

TL;DR: A newly arisen lineage of SARS-CoV-2 (designated 501Y.V2) was identified in South Africa after the first wave of the epidemic in a severely affected metropolitan area (Nelson Mandela Bay) that is located on the coast of the Eastern Cape province.
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SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion.

TL;DR: The B.617.1.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike as discussed by the authors.
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Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2.

TL;DR: The results are in line with previous estimates and point to all sequences sharing a common ancestor towards the end of 2019, supporting this as the period when SARS-CoV-2 jumped into its human host.
References
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Journal Article

R: A language and environment for statistical computing.

R Core Team
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TL;DR: Copyright (©) 1999–2012 R Foundation for Statistical Computing; permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and permission notice are preserved on all copies.
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Journal ArticleDOI

RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies.

TL;DR: This work presents some of the most notable new features and extensions of RAxML, such as a substantial extension of substitution models and supported data types, the introduction of SSE3, AVX and AVX2 vector intrinsics, techniques for reducing the memory requirements of the code and a plethora of operations for conducting post-analyses on sets of trees.
Journal ArticleDOI

phyloseq: an R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data.

TL;DR: The phyloseq project for R is a new open-source software package dedicated to the object-oriented representation and analysis of microbiome census data in R, which supports importing data from a variety of common formats, as well as many analysis techniques.
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