GIS Based Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability Using Drastic Model
01 Jan 2014-Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (Springer Berlin Heidelberg)-Vol. 39, Iss: 1, pp 207-216
TL;DR: In this article, the DRASTIC model is applied for a part of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India, to generate a small-scale map of groundwater vulnerability to contamination.
Abstract: Groundwater has been treated as an important source of water supply due to its relatively low vulnerability to pollution in comparison to surface water, and its huge storage capacity. Because of the known health and economic impacts associated with groundwater contamination, steps to measure the vulnerability of groundwater must be taken for sustainable groundwater protection and management planning. Susceptibility of groundwater refers to the intrinsic characteristics that determine the sensitivity of the water to being adversely affected by an imposed contaminant load. The DRASTIC model is the most extensively used method for identifying the areas where groundwater supplies are most vulnerable to contamination. In this study the DRASTIC model is applied for a part of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India, to generate a small-scale map of groundwater vulnerability to contamination. The whole area is classified on a scale of very low, low, moderate and high susceptibility to pollution. The model is considered in relation to groundwater quality data and results have shown a strong relationship between DRASTIC specific vulnerability index and nitrate-as-nitrogen concentrations. A groundwater vulnerability map is developed by using the DRASTIC model in a computer based Geographic Information System. The results show that the central part of the study area is classified as a high vulnerable zone and the south and northeastern parts show medium vulnerable zones, and record higher nitrate values.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the suitability assessment and mapping of groundwater quality for agricultural activities and drinking purposes in Rawalpindi and Islamabad area was carried out, where a total of 22 samples were collected from borewells and open wells, and these water samples were further analysed for physical and chemical characteristics on the basis of which different indices were developed.
Abstract: Water quality assessment has always been a dominant part of environmental quality management. The present study involved the suitability assessment and mapping of groundwater quality for agricultural activities and drinking purposes in Rawalpindi and Islamabad area. A total of 22 samples were collected from borewells and open wells, and these water samples were further analysed for physical and chemical characteristics on the basis of which different indices were developed. Water quality index was calculated for overall water quality quantification from the perspective of human consumption. The results showed that a greater proportion exhibited poor quality for drinking due to over-exploitation of groundwater resource, agricultural impact and direct release of contaminants. Further, evaluation of groundwater for its suitability for irrigation showed that majority of the groundwater was suitable for irrigation purposes.
55 citations
Cites background from "GIS Based Assessment of Groundwater..."
...[22] in India, Baawain and Al-Futaisi [23] in Oman....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the potential impact of land uses on groundwater quality was assessed using a DRASTIC model in a Geographic Information System environment and seven thematic maps were developed at fixed scale and then combined into a groundwater vulnerability map.
Abstract: The area of Thal Doab is located in the Indus Basin and is underlain by a thick alluvial aquifer called the Thal Doab aquifer (TDA). The TDA is undergone intense hydrological stress owing to rapid population growth and excessive groundwater use for livestock and irrigated agricultural land uses. The potential impact of these land uses on groundwater quality was assessed using a DRASTIC model in a Geographic Information System environment. Seven DRASTIC thematic maps were developed at fixed scale and then combined into a groundwater vulnerability map. The resultant vulnerability index values were grouped into four zones as low, moderate, high and very high. The study has established that 76% of the land area that is underlain by the TDA has a high to very high vulnerability to groundwater contamination mainly because of a thin soil profile, a shallow water table and the presence of soils and sediments with high hydraulic conductivity values. In addition, only 2 and 22% of the total area lie in low and moderate vulnerability zones, respectively. The outcomes of this study can be used to improve the sustainability of the groundwater resource through proper land-use management.
36 citations
Cites methods from "GIS Based Assessment of Groundwater..."
...In this study, executionofDRASTICmodel is carried out by assigning three numerical attributes: range (media type), rating (R) and weight (W), as described in detail by Rahman (2008), Neshat et al. (2013), Al-Abadi et al. (2014), Saha and Alam (2014) and Kumar et al. (2016)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimated the vulnerability of ground water to contamination from future scenarios and proposed a ground water vulnerability assessment method to identify areas that are susceptible to contamination in future scenarios.
Abstract: Groundwater vulnerability assessment delineating areas that are susceptible to contamination from future scenarios has aroused worldwide attention. In this study, the authors (1) estimate f...
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the possibility of applying the DRASTIC model as a useful tool to support the process of local and regional development planning, in order to plan the policy to protect the reservoir and groundwater.
Abstract: Our paper presents the possibility of applying the DRASTIC model as a useful tool to support the process of local and regional development planning. The study was carried out in the catchment of Stare Miasto Reservoir in Central Poland. In order to plan the policy to protect the reservoir and groundwater, the assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution was made by means of the DRASTIC model. The original model was modified by adding a new parameter called “land use.” The measured nitrate concentrations were used to test the original and modified models. The results of the study revealed that the modified DRASTIC model gave more accurate predictions than the traditional model. The Pearson correlation coefficients characterising the relationship between the vulnerability index and the nitrate concentration was 0.56 before the modification and 0.69 after it. The groundwater vulnerability map is necessary for planning local development and for assessing environmental impact. The DRASTIC model is expected to be a useful tool for designing programs and strategies, e.g., for improving the quality of surface water and groundwater.
30 citations
Cites background from "GIS Based Assessment of Groundwater..."
...Most frequently these were the type of land-use [17-20], lineament [21], groundwater velocity [22], and soil exchange capacity [23]....
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Abstract: Effective management of the groundwater resources became an important factor for the growth of urbanized areas, especially for the sector which has considerable agricultural and industrial activities. Along with quantity, assessment of the groundwater quality also plays an important role in its growth. Tandula watershed is one of the populated areas in the Balod district, Chhattisgarh state, which needs an assessment on the groundwater vulnerable zones for its effective management. The vulnerable zones of the study area have been assessed with the help of DRASTIC, DRASTIC–AHP, and modified DRASTIC–AHP methods. The models have been developed with the help of seven parameters which are depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, the impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity. The resulted groundwater pollution vulnerability in the study area has classified into five categories such as very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. Cross-comparison and validation of the model with 77 groundwater samples which contain Nitrate concentration were considered and concluded that the modified DRASTIC–AHP model is most accurate and suitable for the present study area. The study also revealed that groundwater in the study area is contaminated by Nitrate pollution due to excessive application of fertilizers in agricultural activities and improper sewage disposal.
28 citations
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...2014; Thirumalaivasan 2014)....
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01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe counting, media, and preservatives for analytical techniques, including soluble organic material, plant pigments, and photosynthesis in seawater, and show how to count media and preservative.
Abstract: Preface. General notes on analytical techniques. Nutrients. Soluble organic material. Particulate material. Plant pigments. Photosynthesis. Bacteria. Gases in seawater. Counting, media and preservatives. Terms and equivalents.
6,752 citations
TL;DR: Sensitivity analyses indicated that the removal of net recharge, soil media and topography causes large variation in vulnerability index, and net recharge and hydraulic conductivity were found to be more effective in assessing aquifer vulnerability than assumed by the DRASTIC model.
506 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the DRASTIC model in a Geographical Information System (GIS) environment to find out the groundwater vulnerable zones in shallow aquifers in Aligarh and its surrounding areas, which is one of the fastest growing big cities of north India.
433 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a Geographical Information System (GIS) was used to create a groundwater vulnerability map by overlaying the available hydro-geological data and the resulting vulnerability map was integrated with a land use map as an additional parameter in the DRASTIC model to assess the potential risk of groundwater to pollution in the study area.
332 citations