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Journal ArticleDOI

Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection

01 Jul 2015-Clinical Microbiology Reviews (American Society for Microbiology)-Vol. 28, Iss: 3, pp 687-720
TL;DR: Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come.
Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni, there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2017
TL;DR: This chapter summarizes the latest micro- and nanotechnology-based approaches to detect pathogenic agents in food, as well as, highlight the most promising technologies with regard to their future exploitation.
Abstract: Foodborne illnesses caused by pathogenic agents continue to be one of the most important public health concerns worldwide. Rapid and sensitive detection methods for pathogenic microorganisms are essential to mount effective responses to microbial contamination, including foodborne outbreaks and bioterrorist attacks. Advanced strategies exploiting the latest micro- and nanoscale technologies have been developed in the past decades, bringing new insights into the detection of pathogenic agents in foods. In particular, recent efforts have focused on unique sample-preparation methods, novel-assay formats, and miniaturized detection platforms. In this chapter, we summarize the latest micro- and nanotechnology-based approaches to detect pathogenic agents in food, as well as, highlight the most promising technologies with regard to their future exploitation. Our goal is to provide the reader with new insights into how and when these technologies can be exploited to ensure the enumeration and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria in foods.

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A longitudinal study was conducted in five conventional broiler farms during a 2-year period to determine the dynamics of Campylobacter infection in a warm climate region (north-eastern Spain) as mentioned in this paper .

3 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the relative contribution of cattle to the burden of illness in a model agroecosystem with high rates of human campylobacteriosis (≥ 115 cases/100 K), and high densities of cattle, including large numbers of cattle housed in confined feeding operations was determined.
Abstract: The study aimed to determine the relative contribution of cattle to the burden of illness in a model agroecosystem with high rates of human campylobacteriosis (≥ 115 cases/100 K), and high densities of cattle, including large numbers of cattle housed in confined feeding operations (i.e., in southwestern Alberta, Canada). To accomplish this, a large-scale molecular epidemiological analysis of Campylobacter jejuni circulating within the study location was completed. In excess of 8000 isolates of C. jejuni from people (n = 2548 isolates), chickens (n = 1849 isolates), cattle (n = 2921 isolates), and water (n = 771 isolates) were subtyped. In contrast to previous studies, the source attribution estimates of clinical cases attributable to cattle vastly exceeded those attributed to chicken (i.e., three- to six-fold). Moreover, cattle were often colonized by C. jejuni (51%) and shed the bacterium in their feces. A large proportion of study isolates were found in subtypes primarily associated with cattle (46%), including subtypes infecting people and those associated with chickens (19%). The implication of cattle as a primary amplifying reservoir of C. jejuni subtypes in circulation in the study location is supported by the strong cattle association with subtypes that were found in chickens and in people, a lack of evidence indicating the foodborne transmission of C. jejuni from beef and dairy, and the large number of cattle and the substantial quantities of untreated manure containing C. jejuni cells. Importantly, the evidence implicated cattle as a source of C. jejuni infecting people through a transmission pathway from cattle to people via the consumption of chicken. This has implications for reducing the burden of campylobacteriosis in the study location and elsewhere.

3 citations

Dissertation
01 Mar 2016

3 citations


Cites background or methods or result from "Global Epidemiology of Campylobacte..."

  • ...Most abscesses are polymicrobial, making it difficult to determine the contribution of a specific Campylobacter species to the clinical outcome (Kaakoush et al., 2015)....

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  • ...In addition, post-infection complications may include reactive arthritis and may lead to autoimmune conditions such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher syndrome Chapter 1 – General Introduction 17 (Kaakoush et al., 2015; Nyati & Nyati, 2013; Poropatich et al., 2010)....

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  • ...Gastrointestinal manifestations Gastroenteritis is the major clinical condition resulting from Campylobacter infection, however these organisms have also been associated with other serious conditions within the gastrointestinal tract, including IBD, esophageal diseases, periodontitis, celiac disease, colorectal cancer and the post-infection manifestation IBS (Kaakoush et al., 2015; Man, 2011; Riddle et al., 2012) (Figure 2)....

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  • ...They have also been reported to be involved in extragastrointestinal manifestations, including bacteremia, hepatitis, pancreatitis, lung infections, brain abscesses and meningitis (Kaakoush et al., 2015)....

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  • ...C. jejuni-associated meningitis is rare and may affect both healthy and immunocompromised children and adults, while meningitis caused by C. fetus has been reported for immunocompromised adults, it is also rare (Kaakoush et al., 2015)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluate the percentage of Campylobacter (C. jejuni and C. coli) resistant to selected antimicrobials, and characterize the genetic determinants.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the percentage of Campylobacter (C. jejuni and C. coli) from samples collected at the slaughterhouse to describe the prevalence of resistance to selected antimicrobials, and to characterize the genetic determinants. In total, from 333 samples analyzed, 31% were positive for Campylobacter. More positive samples were detected before the chiller (46%) than after the chiller (16%). C. coli (59%) was more prevalent than C. jejuni (41%). Antimicrobial resistance differences between C. jejuni and C. coli were found (p < 0.001). Multidrug resistance was found in 72% of C. coli isolates and 69% of C. jejuni isolates (p < 0.001). Most C. jejuni isolates (57%) had the three genes of the cmeABC efflux pump. The tet(O) gene and resistance-associated point mutations within both the gyrA and 23S rRNA genes were detected in 100% of C. coli isolates. On the other hand, C. jejuni only had more prevalence of the blaOXA-61 gene than C. coli (p < 0.001), and most of the C. jejuni isolates (70-80%) had the tet(O) and gyrA point mutation. These results could contribute to knowledge about the status of thermotolerant Campylobacter resistant to antimicrobials isolated from food animals in Argentina and to develop an antimicrobial resistance surveillance system.

3 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Interventions targeting five pathogens can substantially reduce the burden of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea and suggest new methods and accelerated implementation of existing interventions (rotavirus vaccine and zinc) are needed to prevent disease and improve outcomes.

2,766 citations


"Global Epidemiology of Campylobacte..." refers background in this paper

  • ...with moderate to severe diarrhea in children from Kolkata, India, Mirzapur, Bangladesh, and Karachi, Pakistan (66)....

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  • ...In addition, in a prospective case-control study conducted between 1 December 2007 and 3 March 2011 to identify the etiology of diarrhea in children aged 0 to 59 months, C. jejuni was reported to be significantly associated July 2015 Volume 28 Number 3 cmr.asm.org 693Clinical Microbiology Reviews on M arch 21, 2021 by guest http://cm r.asm .org/ D ow nloaded from with moderate to severe diarrhea in children from Kolkata, India, Mirzapur, Bangladesh, and Karachi, Pakistan (66)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two important processes have occurred to legitimize these conditions, and to increase attention toward the research and clinical care of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), a shift in conceptualizing these disorders from a disease-based, reductionistic model, to a more integrated, biopsychosocial model of illness.

2,274 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Overabundance of Fusobacterium sequences in tumor versus matched normal control tissue is verified by quantitative PCR analysis from a total of 99 subjects, and a positive association with lymph node metastasis is observed.
Abstract: An estimated 15% or more of the cancer burden worldwide is attributable to known infectious agents. We screened colorectal carcinoma and matched normal tissue specimens using RNA-seq followed by host sequence subtraction and found marked over-representation of Fusobacterium nucleatum sequences in tumors relative to control specimens. F. nucleatum is an invasive anaerobe that has been linked previously to periodontitis and appendicitis, but not to cancer. Fusobacteria are rare constituents of the fecal microbiota, but have been cultured previously from biopsies of inflamed gut mucosa. We obtained a Fusobacterium isolate from a frozen tumor specimen; this showed highest sequence similarity to a known gut mucosa isolate and was confirmed to be invasive. We verified overabundance of Fusobacterium sequences in tumor versus matched normal control tissue by quantitative PCR analysis from a total of 99 subjects (p = 2.5 × 10(-6)), and we observed a positive association with lymph node metastasis.

1,535 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The composition of the microbiota in colorectal carcinoma is characterized using whole genome sequences from nine tumor/normal pairs and Fusobacterium sequences were enriched in carcinomas, confirmed by quantitative PCR and 16S rDNA sequence analysis of 95 carcinoma/normal DNA pairs.
Abstract: The tumor microenvironment of colorectal carcinoma is a complex community of genomically altered cancer cells, nonneoplastic cells, and a diverse collection of microorganisms. Each of these components may contribute to carcinogenesis; however, the role of the microbiota is the least well understood. We have characterized the composition of the microbiota in colorectal carcinoma using whole genome sequences from nine tumor/normal pairs. Fusobacterium sequences were enriched in carcinomas, confirmed by quantitative PCR and 16S rDNA sequence analysis of 95 carcinoma/normal DNA pairs, while the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla were depleted in tumors. Fusobacteria were also visualized within colorectal tumors using FISH. These findings reveal alterations in the colorectal cancer microbiota; however, the precise role of Fusobacteria in colorectal carcinoma pathogenesis requires further investigation.

1,527 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Jul 1977-BMJ
TL;DR: Campylobacters are a relatively unrecognised cause of acute enteritis, but these findings suggest that they may be a common cause, and poultry may be the primary source of the organism.
Abstract: By selective culture campylobacters (C jejuni and C coli) were isolated from the faeces of 57 (7-1%) out of 803 unselected patients with diarrhoea; none were isolated from 194 people who had not got diarrhoea. Specific agglutinins were found in the sera of 31 out of 38 patients with campylobacter enteritis and 10 of them had a rising titre. Half the patients were aged 15 to 44 years, but the incidence was highest in young children. All the patients with campylobacters had a distinctive clinical illness with severe abdominal pain. Campylobacters are a relatively unrecognised cause of acute enteritis, but these findings suggest that they may be a common cause. Spread of infection was observed within 12 out of 29 households, and in these cases children were usually implicated. Several patients were apparently infected from chickens, both live and dressed, and poultry may be the primary source of the organism. In two cases dogs with diarrhoea were found to be infected with strains indistinguishable from their human contacts. Ten patients acquired their infections while travelling abroad.

1,431 citations