Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection
01 Jul 2015-Clinical Microbiology Reviews (American Society for Microbiology)-Vol. 28, Iss: 3, pp 687-720
TL;DR: Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come.
Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni, there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The data for GBS suggests that the immunologic mechanism can involve molecular mimicry, at least in some GBS variants, and it is likely that multiple mechanisms render the axon vulnerable.
925 citations
TL;DR: It is indicated that AgNPs exhibit a strong antimicrobial activity and thus might be developed as a new type of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infection including multidrug resistant bacterial infection.
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used in this study were synthesized using pu-erh tea leaves extract with particle size of 4.06 nm. The antibacterial activity of green synthesized AgNPs against a diverse range of Gram-negative foodborne pathogens was determined using disk diffusion method, resazurin microtitre-plate assay (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration test (MBC). The MIC and MBC of AgNPs against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Enteritidis were 7.8, 3.9, 3.9, 3.9 and 7.8, 3.9, 7.8, 3.9 μg/mL, respectively. Time-kill curves were used to evaluate the concentration between MIC and bactericidal activity of AgNPs at concentrations ranging from 0×MIC to 8×MIC. The killing activity of AgNPs was fast acting against all the Gram-negative bacteria tested; the reduction in the number of CFU mL-1 was >3 Log10 units (99.9%) in 1-2 h. This study indicates that AgNPs exhibit a strong antimicrobial activity and thus might be developed as a new type of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infection including multidrug resistant bacterial infection.
306 citations
Cites background from "Global Epidemiology of Campylobacte..."
...…and it was proved that AgNPs are effective against multidrug resistant bacteria such as multidrug resistant E. coli (Paredes et al., 2014; Kar et al., 2016), multidrug resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Durairaj et al., 2012), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)…...
[...]
TL;DR: The evidence that links animals as vehicles of the foodborne pathogens Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shiga toxigenic E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, their impact, and their current status is reviewed.
296 citations
TL;DR: Overall, poultry is an important reservoir and source of human campylobacteriosis, although the contribution of other sources, reservoirs and transmission warrants more research.
284 citations
TL;DR: The aim of the paper is to summarize and provide information on campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, yersiniosis, and listeriosis and the aetiological factors of those diseases, along with the general characteristics of pathogens, virulence factors, and reservoirs.
Abstract: Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans, posing a great threat to the health and life of people all over the world. According to WHO estimations, 600 million cases of diseases caused by contaminated food were noted in 2010, including almost 350 million caused by pathogenic bacteria. Campylobacter, Salmonella, as well as Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes may dwell in livestock (poultry, cattle, and swine) but are also found in wild animals, pets, fish, and rodents. Animals, often being asymptomatic carriers of pathogens, excrete them with faeces, thus delivering them to the environment. Therefore, pathogens may invade new individuals, as well as reside on vegetables and fruits. Pathogenic bacteria also penetrate food production areas and may remain there in the form of a biofilm covering the surfaces of machines and equipment. A common occurrence of microbes in food products, as well as their improper or careless processing, leads to common poisonings. Symptoms of foodborne infections may be mild, sometimes flu-like, but they also may be accompanied by severe complications, some even fatal. The aim of the paper is to summarize and provide information on campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, yersiniosis, and listeriosis and the aetiological factors of those diseases, along with the general characteristics of pathogens, virulence factors, and reservoirs.
246 citations
Cites background from "Global Epidemiology of Campylobacte..."
...could cause symptoms associated with campylobacteriosis, and 9 × 104 bacteria is considered the optimum infective dose [27]....
[...]
...Symptoms disappear within 5–7 days [27,51]....
[...]
...This movement is possible due to a single, polar flagellum positioned on one or both ends of the cell [27,28]....
[...]
...Possible complications include: peripheral neuropathies, including the Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS, neurological disorder characterised by weakness of limbs, possible involvement of respiratory muscles, anaemia, and sensory loss); reactive arthritis (REA, involving knees and ankles, occurring about a month after infection and developing for as long as 5 years); and functional intestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [27,46,52,53]....
[...]
References
More filters
TL;DR: The case of a 51-year-old man with no underlying disease who developed headache of sudden onset in the occipital region and neck pain and the antibiotic was changed to panipenem, which resulted in prompt resolution of the symptoms highlights the importance of bearing in mind the possibility of C. jejuni meningitis in an immunocompetent adult.
Abstract: A 51-year-old man with no underlying disease was referred to our hospital, complaining of mild headache. In May 2004 he developed headache of sudden onset in the occipital region and neck pain. He visited our hospital the following morning. At the first visit, there was no fever and only an analgesic was prescribed. The headache alleviated, with only occasional mild episodes thereafter. However, 2 days later, the headache aggravated again, associated this time with elevated body temperature (38 degrees C). The patient visited our hospital and a lumbar puncture was performed; examination of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed marked elevation of the cell count (mononuclear cell-dominant). The patient was admitted to the hospital and started on treatment with cefotaxime and acyclovir. However, the symptoms persisted and 10 days later, the cerebrospinal fluid culture yielded a growth of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). The antibiotic was therefore changed to panipenem, which resulted in prompt resolution of the symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, meningitis caused by C. jejuni in an immunocompetent adult is extremely rare. This case highlights the importance of bearing in mind the possibility of C. jejuni meningitis in a patient of meningitis associated with mononuclear cell-dominant pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid.
6 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In Poland campylobacteriosis is rarely diagnosed, confirmed and reported, and Routine diagnosis of infection with Campylobacteria sp.
Abstract: AIM: The aim of this paper is to evaluate epidemiological situation of campylobacteriosis in Poland in 2012, compared to the situation in previous years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation was based on analysis of data from the annual bulletin "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland" 2011-2012 (MP Czarkowski et al., NIZP-PZH and Chief Sanitary Inspectorate-GIS), information from the forms of individual cases reports from the epidemiological investigations in outbreaks of campylobacteriosis, submitted by the sanitary-epidemiological stations to the Department of Epidemiology and data from the Department of Demographic Studies of the Central Statistical Office. Cases were classified according to a surveillance case definition. RESULTS: In 2012, 431 cases of campylobacteriosis were registered in Poland, which was 30% more than in 2011. The incidence was 1.12/100 000. All reported cases were classified. No deaths were recorded. More than 84% of cases of campylobacteriosis occurred in four provinces - Warminsko-Mazurskie (35%), Śląskie (22%), Mazowieckie (14%) and the Malopolskie (14%). The highest incidence was observed in the Warminsko-Mazurskie- 6.47/100 000. As in previous years, the percentage of hospitalized cases was 57.5%. Campylobacter species was identified in more than 77% of patients, and it was found that 70% of the cases were caused by C. jejuni and about 7% by C. coli. As in previous years, the majority of cases (343, 79%) occurred in the age group 0-4. Five family outbreaks caused by Campylobacter were recorded in 2012. CONCLUSIONS: In Poland Campylobacteriosis is rarely diagnosed, confirmed and reported. Routine diagnosis of infection with Campylobacter sp. is performed only in the two provinces.
6 citations
TL;DR: Clinicians should be aware that this type of infection, although extremely rare, can occur even in younger, healthy adults and immediate diagnosis and treatment are required to avert life-threatening complications.
Abstract: Campylobacter fetus sepsis is rare, especially among young, immunocompetent patients. We present the case of a 43-year-old man with a history of ulcerative colitis who was diagnosed with C fetus bacteraemia with endovascular manifestation. The patient was found to have a low vitamin K level and a high international normalised ratio, and developed deep vein thrombosis. The patient was fully recovered with oral antibiotic treatment, anticoagulation and supportive therapy. Clinicians should be aware that this type of infection, although extremely rare, can occur even in younger, healthy adults and immediate diagnosis and treatment are required to avert life-threatening complications.
5 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A further case is described to include as a review of the literature of myocarditis/pericarditis in patients with C. fetus out of which at least 4 patients have died.
Abstract: Heretofore, Campylobacter infections have been predominantly associated with gastrointestinal manifestations. Over the past two decades, an increasing number of case reports have suggested that the spectrum of disease is much broader. To date, only 10 cases of myocarditis/pericarditis in patients with C. fetus have been reported in the English literature out of which at least 4 patients have died. We describe here a further case to include as we review the literature.
5 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Despite the increase in cases of Campylobacter reported, the disease remains underdiagnosed and under-reported.
Abstract: Aim The aim of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological situation of Campylobacter in Poland in 2010. Material and methods The evaluation was based on results from analysis of: the yearly bulletin "Infectious Diseases and food poisoning in Poland" between the years 2009-2010 (MP Czarkowski i in., PZH i GIS), reports from individual cases and epidemiological investigations of outbreaks linked to Campylobacter, sent by Epidemiological Departments in Sanitary Stations to the Department of Epidemiology at NIZP-PZH. Data was also collected from the Department of Demographical Research based at the Central Statistics Office. All reported cases were verified in accordance with the case definition required for surveillance. Results In 2010, 375 cases of Campylobacter were reported in Poland, yielding an incidence of 0.98 per 100,000 inhabitants. Of cases reported 367 were confirmed and 8 probable. No deaths were reported. Over, 46% (171) of all cases reported were from the Slaskie voivodship. The highest incidence of 4.76 per 100,000 was observed in Warminsko-Mazurskie voivodship. Fifty-four per cent of people were hospitalized, the least in Warminsko-Mazurskie voivodship (17.6%) and in 5 voivodships over 90% of their cases were hospitalized. Campylobacter was isolated in 305 people who were ill (approximately 81%). In 2010, 275 (73.3%) people were identified as being infected with C. jejuni and 27 (7.2%) with C. coli. Illness due to infection with C. coli was mainly reported in Malopolskie Voivodship, over 55% of all cases were infected with this species. The highest number of cases (292; 77.6%) was observed among children aged between 0-4 years. In terms of gender, a total of 209 men and 166 women were reported as ill. In 2010 4 family outbreaks caused by Campylobacter were reported. One outbreak was also reported among children attending a summer camp, where 78 people were exposed, 53 children of which were up to 14 years of age. A total of 12 children between 8-14 years became ill. Conclusions Despite the increase in cases of Campylobacter reported, the disease remains underdiagnosed and under-reported. The species of Campylobacter responsible for diseases has been identified in a significant number of cases and has steadily increased in recent years.
5 citations