Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection
01 Jul 2015-Clinical Microbiology Reviews (American Society for Microbiology)-Vol. 28, Iss: 3, pp 687-720
TL;DR: Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come.
Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni, there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.
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TL;DR: The data for GBS suggests that the immunologic mechanism can involve molecular mimicry, at least in some GBS variants, and it is likely that multiple mechanisms render the axon vulnerable.
925 citations
TL;DR: It is indicated that AgNPs exhibit a strong antimicrobial activity and thus might be developed as a new type of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infection including multidrug resistant bacterial infection.
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used in this study were synthesized using pu-erh tea leaves extract with particle size of 4.06 nm. The antibacterial activity of green synthesized AgNPs against a diverse range of Gram-negative foodborne pathogens was determined using disk diffusion method, resazurin microtitre-plate assay (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration test (MBC). The MIC and MBC of AgNPs against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Enteritidis were 7.8, 3.9, 3.9, 3.9 and 7.8, 3.9, 7.8, 3.9 μg/mL, respectively. Time-kill curves were used to evaluate the concentration between MIC and bactericidal activity of AgNPs at concentrations ranging from 0×MIC to 8×MIC. The killing activity of AgNPs was fast acting against all the Gram-negative bacteria tested; the reduction in the number of CFU mL-1 was >3 Log10 units (99.9%) in 1-2 h. This study indicates that AgNPs exhibit a strong antimicrobial activity and thus might be developed as a new type of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bacterial infection including multidrug resistant bacterial infection.
306 citations
Cites background from "Global Epidemiology of Campylobacte..."
...…and it was proved that AgNPs are effective against multidrug resistant bacteria such as multidrug resistant E. coli (Paredes et al., 2014; Kar et al., 2016), multidrug resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Durairaj et al., 2012), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)…...
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TL;DR: The evidence that links animals as vehicles of the foodborne pathogens Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shiga toxigenic E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, their impact, and their current status is reviewed.
296 citations
TL;DR: Overall, poultry is an important reservoir and source of human campylobacteriosis, although the contribution of other sources, reservoirs and transmission warrants more research.
284 citations
TL;DR: The aim of the paper is to summarize and provide information on campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, yersiniosis, and listeriosis and the aetiological factors of those diseases, along with the general characteristics of pathogens, virulence factors, and reservoirs.
Abstract: Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans, posing a great threat to the health and life of people all over the world. According to WHO estimations, 600 million cases of diseases caused by contaminated food were noted in 2010, including almost 350 million caused by pathogenic bacteria. Campylobacter, Salmonella, as well as Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes may dwell in livestock (poultry, cattle, and swine) but are also found in wild animals, pets, fish, and rodents. Animals, often being asymptomatic carriers of pathogens, excrete them with faeces, thus delivering them to the environment. Therefore, pathogens may invade new individuals, as well as reside on vegetables and fruits. Pathogenic bacteria also penetrate food production areas and may remain there in the form of a biofilm covering the surfaces of machines and equipment. A common occurrence of microbes in food products, as well as their improper or careless processing, leads to common poisonings. Symptoms of foodborne infections may be mild, sometimes flu-like, but they also may be accompanied by severe complications, some even fatal. The aim of the paper is to summarize and provide information on campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, yersiniosis, and listeriosis and the aetiological factors of those diseases, along with the general characteristics of pathogens, virulence factors, and reservoirs.
246 citations
Cites background from "Global Epidemiology of Campylobacte..."
...could cause symptoms associated with campylobacteriosis, and 9 × 104 bacteria is considered the optimum infective dose [27]....
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...Symptoms disappear within 5–7 days [27,51]....
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...This movement is possible due to a single, polar flagellum positioned on one or both ends of the cell [27,28]....
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...Possible complications include: peripheral neuropathies, including the Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS, neurological disorder characterised by weakness of limbs, possible involvement of respiratory muscles, anaemia, and sensory loss); reactive arthritis (REA, involving knees and ankles, occurring about a month after infection and developing for as long as 5 years); and functional intestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [27,46,52,53]....
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References
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TL;DR: Surgical and medical treatment is reported of a mycotic aneurysm of the aorta which presented as acute pericarditis and may have been caused by Camplyobacter jejuni.
Abstract: Infective aortitis and associated mycotic aneurysms are uncommon clinical entities and most reported cases are associated with Salmonella species. We report successful surgical and medical treatment of a mycotic aneurysm of the aorta which presented as acute pericarditis and may have been caused by Camplyobacter jejuni.
5 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a case of Campylobacter jejuni meningitis with associated septicemia and positive stool culture in a normal host was presented, which raised the possibility of infection due to a serum-resistant strain of the bacteria.
Abstract: A case of Campylobacter jejuni meningitis with associated septicemia and positive stool culture in a normal host is presented. Clinical findings, course of the illness and serologic data are compared with data from the literature. The possibility of infection due to a serum-resistant strain of Campylobacter jejuni is raised. Retrospective analysis of immunity revealed normal humoral and cellular immunity in a healthy patient one year later.
4 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The case of a 33-year-old male diagnosed with Campylobacter jejuni enteritis who subsequently developed myocarditis confirmed on cardiac MRI is presented.
Abstract: Myocarditis is frequently associated with a multitude of different viral infections but much less commonly a bacterial source We present the case of a 33-year-old male with Campylobacter jejuni enteritis who subsequently developed myocarditis confirmed on cardiac MRI
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the first Fisher syndrome patient with anti-GA1 antibody in the serum and elevated tau protein in the cerebrospinal fluid, and report that mild diplopia and areflexia persisted 6 months after their onset.
Abstract: We describe a boy with Fisher syndrome. He presented the typical symptoms of Fisher syndrome, including external ophthalmoplegia, abnormality of convergence, and areflexia, after an episode of Campylobacter enterocolitis. Atypically, however, anti-GA1 antibody was detected in his serum, though anti-GQ1b and anti-GT1a antibodies were not. In addition, the tau protein level in his cerebrospinal fluid was elevated. Generally, Fisher syndrome is a self-limiting disease and has a good prognosis. In our patient, however, mild diplopia and areflexia persisted 6 months after their onset. Here, we report on the first Fisher syndrome patient with anti-GA1 antibody in the serum and elevated tau protein in the cerebrospinal fluid.
4 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The outcome was rapidly fatal despite antibiotic therapy and surgery, because of the seriousness of the lesions (pseudo-aneurysm of the aorta ruptured into the right atrium), the precarity of the terrain and surgical difficulties.
Abstract: Campylobacter fetus is a rare cause of endocarditis and endoaortitis: the authors believe this to be the second reported case of infection of an intracardiac prosthesis. The patient was a man who had already undergone replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta, and a gastrectomy, which were predisposing factors. The portal of entry was not found. The diagnosis was confirmed by positive blood cultures and transoesophageal echocardiography. The outcome was rapidly fatal despite antibiotic therapy and surgery, because of the seriousness of the lesions (pseudo-aneurysm of the aorta ruptured into the right atrium), the precarity of the terrain and surgical difficulties.
4 citations