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Journal ArticleDOI

Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—Meta‐analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes

01 Jul 2016-Hepatology (Hepatology)-Vol. 64, Iss: 1, pp 73-84
TL;DR: As the global epidemic of obesity fuels metabolic conditions, the clinical and economic burden of NAFLD will become enormous, and random‐effects models were used to provide point estimates of prevalence, incidence, mortality and incidence rate ratios.
About: This article is published in Hepatology.The article was published on 2016-07-01. It has received 6746 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease & Incidence (epidemiology).
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This year's edition of the Statistical Update includes data on the monitoring and benefits of cardiovascular health in the population, metrics to assess and monitor healthy diets, an enhanced focus on social determinants of health, a focus on the global burden of cardiovascular disease, and further evidence-based approaches to changing behaviors, implementation strategies, and implications of the American Heart Association’s 2020 Impact Goals.
Abstract: Background: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports on the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovas...

5,078 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This guidance provides a data-supported approach to the diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive aspects of NAFLD care.

4,431 citations


Cites background from "Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic..."

  • ...56), respectively.((16)) The most important histological feature of NAFLD associated with long-term mortality is fibrosis; specifically, zone 3 sinusoidal fibrosis plus periportal fibrosis (stage 2) to advanced (bridging fibrosis [stage 3] or cirrhosis [stage 4])....

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  • ...12).((16)) Given these estimates, one estimates that the prevalence of NASH in the general population ranges between 1....

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  • ...Features of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are not only highly prevalent in patients with NAFLD, but components of MetS also increase the risk of developing NAFLD.((16,18-20)) This bidirectional association between NAFLD and components of MetS has been strongly established....

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  • ...12).((16)) Several studies investigated the natural history of NASH cirrhosis in comparison to patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis....

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  • ...66) per 1,000 person-years.((16)) In another study of patients with HCC, 54....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The large number of patients with NAFLD with potential for progressive liver disease creates challenges for screening, as the diagnosis of NASH necessitates invasive liver biopsy.
Abstract: NAFLD is one of the most important causes of liver disease worldwide and will probably emerge as the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the coming decades, with the disease affecting both adults and children. The epidemiology and demographic characteristics of NAFLD vary worldwide, usually parallel to the prevalence of obesity, but a substantial proportion of patients are lean. The large number of patients with NAFLD with potential for progressive liver disease creates challenges for screening, as the diagnosis of NASH necessitates invasive liver biopsy. Furthermore, individuals with NAFLD have a high frequency of metabolic comorbidities and could place a growing strain on health-care systems from their need for management. While awaiting the development effective therapies, this disease warrants the attention of primary care physicians, specialists and health policy makers.

3,076 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascul...
Abstract: Background: The American Heart Association, in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascul...

3,034 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, as to provide real-time information about concrete mechanical properties such as E-modulus and compressive strength.

2,416 citations


Cites background from "Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic..."

  • ...It has been estimated that the world-wide prevalence of NAFLD is around 25% and it is likely to continue to increase.(43) An association between NAFLD and HCC is well established....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews the use ofMeta-Analysis as a data pooling technique in a non-technical manner and illustrates the type of information that can be obtained from a Meta-Analysis, that is not conventionally available from individual trials.

3,787 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is a practice guideline for clinicians rather than a review article and interested readers can refer to several comprehensive reviews published recently.

3,212 citations


"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The high prevalence of MetS and hyperlipidemia in NAFLD patients suggests that risk stratification and aggressive treatment is needed to control the risk of CVD in these patients (for reference 129, please see the Supporting information).((1)) Long-term clinical outcomes of NAFLD were also assessed in this study....

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  • ...Guideline for NAFLD (endorsed as the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and American Gastroenterological Association NAFLD Guideline) defines significant alcohol use as current or recent alcohol consumption of >21 drinks/week in men and >14 drinks/ week in women.((1)) Although NAFLD is very common, a smaller subgroup of these patients can develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is a more progressive type of liver disease....

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  • ...NASH is defined histologically by presence of HS with evidence for hepatocyte damage.((1)) Although some of the pathological features can be associated with hepatic fibrosis (HF), the most important histological feature associated with mortality in NASH is presence of significant fibrosis....

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  • ...In this context, NASH has been recognized as one of the leading causes of cirrhosis in adults in the United States,((1-11)) and NASHrelated cirrhosis is currently the second indication for liver transplants in the United States....

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  • ...Exclusion criteria for the meta-analysis were as follows: (1) The study was a review article or abstract; (2) the study did not identify patients with NAFLD; (3) The study was in a pediatric population (<18 years old); (4) the study did not exclude other causes of liver disease, such as viral hepatitis B and C (HBV/HCV); (5) the study did not report screening for excess alcohol consumption; (6) the study included only groups with a specific metabolic condition, such as morbidly obese and diabetics; (7) the study was conducted in patients with preexisting disease, for example, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected; (8) the study diagnosed NAFLD postmortem; and (9) NASH studies were excluded if the diagnosis was not made by histological assessment....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34: 274–285
Abstract: SUMMARY Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease, and its worldwide prevalence continues to increase with the growing obesity epidemic. This study assesses the epidemiology of NAFLD in adults based on clinical literature published over the past 30 years. Aim To review epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults based on clinical literature published over the past 30 years. Methods An in-depth search of PubMed (1980–2010) was based on five search terms: ‘nonalcoholic fatty liver disease’ OR ‘non-alcoholic steatohepatitis’ OR ‘fatty liver’ OR ‘steatosis’ AND ‘incidence’ [MeSH Terms] OR ‘prevalence’ [MeSH Terms] OR ‘natural history’. Studies of paediatric cohorts were excluded. Articles were categorised by topic and summarised, noting generalisations concerning their content.

2,679 citations


"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic..." refers background in this paper

  • ...Clinically, NAFLD patients tend to be obese, with insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension, which are all risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).((10,11)) In fact, prevalence of NAFLD in patients with components of MetS is quite high....

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  • ...The prevalence of NAFLD in the United States is reported to be between 10% and 30%, with similar rates reported from Europe and Asia.((10,19)) The variability of these rates is compounded by the technology used to establish the diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH....

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  • ...In this context, NASH has been recognized as one of the leading causes of cirrhosis in adults in the United States,((1-11)) and NASHrelated cirrhosis is currently the second indication for liver transplants in the United States....

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  • ...The pooled regional NAFLD prevalence estimates among patients diagnosed by blood test were 13.00% (95% CI: 4.44-32.47) for Europe, 12.89% (95% CI: 8.32-19.44) for North America, and 9.26% (95% CI: 7.07-12.05) for Asia....

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  • ...(5-7) In this context, NASH has been recognized as one of the leading causes of cirrhosis in adults in the United States,(1-11) and NASHrelated cirrhosis is currently the second indication for liver transplants in the United States....

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