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Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants

About: The article was published on 1956-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 5524 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Glossary.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The in vitro antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging activities of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis fruit extracts showed quite good efficacy in their antioxidant and radical scavenging abilities, compared to the standards.
Abstract: Cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in several diseases, and hence natural antioxidants have significant importance in human health. The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging activities of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis fruit extracts. The 70% methanol extracts were studied for in vitro total antioxidant activity along with phenolic and flavonoid contents and reducing power. Scavenging ability of the extracts for radicals like DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid were also performed to determine the potential of the extracts. The ability of the extracts of the fruits in exhibiting their antioxative properties follow the order T. chebula > E. officinalis > T. belerica. The same order is followed in their flavonoid content, whereas in case of phenolic content it becomes E. officinalis > T. belerica > T. chebula. In the studies of free radicals' scavenging, where the activities of the plant extracts were inversely proportional to their IC50 values, T. chebula and E. officinalis were found to be taking leading role with the orders of T. chebula > E. officinalis > T. belerica for superoxide and nitric oxide, and E. officinalis > T. belerica > T. chebula for DPPH and peroxynitrite radicals. Miscellaneous results were observed in the scavenging of other radicals by the plant extracts, viz., T. chebula > T. belerica > E. officinalis for hydroxyl, T. belerica > T. chebula > E. officinalis for singlet oxygen and T. belerica > E. officinalis > T. chebula for hypochlorous acid. In a whole, the studied fruit extracts showed quite good efficacy in their antioxidant and radical scavenging abilities, compared to the standards. The evidences as can be concluded from the study of the 70% methanol extract of the fruits of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis, imposes the fact that they might be useful as potent sources of natural antioxidant.

230 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The methanolic root extracts of Vitex negundo Linn.

221 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present review is an effort to gather the available knowledge on various diversified fields of sciences for the future exploitation of amaranth.
Abstract: The major staple food crops production is not able to fulfill food requirement of the global population due to relatively higher population growth rate in developing countries. The research on these crops for exploring their ultimate yield potential is currently at a plateau level. To replace the existing pressure on these major crops there is an urgent need to explore other alternative crops having the potential to replace and fulfill the available food demand. FAO statistics reveal that there is a high frequency of low birth weight children in the developing countries, which is primarily due to deficiency of micronutrients in the mother's diet. Amaranth, an underutilized crop and a cheap source of proteins, minerals, vitamin A and C, seems to be a future crop which can substantiate this demand due to its tremendous yield potential and nutritional qualities, also recently gained worldwide attention. Recently, current interest in amaranth also resides in the fact that it has a great amount of genetic dive...

221 citations


Cites background from "Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants..."

  • ...The roots and seeds are also used to cure leucorrhea and impotency (Chopra et al., 1956; Anon., 1992; Prajapati et al., 2003; Bakshi et al., 1992)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
Sunil Lekhak1, Anuja Sharma1
TL;DR: From the screening experiment, Origanum majorana showed the best antibacterial activity; hence this plant can be further subjected to isolation of the therapeutic antimicrobials and pharmacological evaluation.
Abstract: Countries like Nepal and India have been using crude plants as medicine since Vedic period. A major part of the total population in developing countries still uses traditional folk medicine obtained from plant resources (Farnsworth 1994). With an estimation of WHO that as many as 80% of worlds population living in rural areas rely on herbal traditional medicines as their primary health care, the study on properties and uses of medicinal plants are getting growing interests. In recent years this interest to evaluate plants possessing antibacterial activity for various diseases is growing (Clark and Hufford, 1993). Based on local use of common diseases and Ethnobotanical knowledge, an attempt has been made to assess the antibacterial properties of selected medicinal plants.VIZ. Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Origanum majorana (Ram Tulsi), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Dalchini), and Xanthoxylum armatum (Timur), for potential antibacterial activity against 10 medically important bacterial strains, namely Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp, Salmonella Typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts was determined by agar well diffusion method. The plant extracts were more active against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative bacteria. The most susceptible bacteria were B. subtilis, followed by S. aureus, while the most resistant bacteria were E.coli, followed by Shigella dysenteriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi. From the screening experiment, Origanum majorana showed the best antibacterial activity; hence this plant can be further subjected to isolation of the therapeutic antimicrobials and pharmacological evaluation. The largest zone of inhibition was obtained with Xanthoxylum armatum against Bacillus subtilis (23mm) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 2.5 mg/l was obtained.

218 citations


Cites background from "Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants..."

  • ...(Rastogi and Mehrotra, 2002) The inhibition produced by the plant extracts against particular organism depends upon various extrinsic and intrinsic parameters....

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  • ...(Rastogi and Mehrotra, 2002) Medicinal plants are a source of great economic value all over the world....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tribulus terrestris is a valuable herb known for its application in the folk medicine in many parts of the world as mentioned in this paper, which is used for fertility and libido disorders in men and women, as well as for treatment of cardiac diseases.
Abstract: Tribulus terrestris is a valuable herb known for its application in the folk medicine in many parts of the world. Furostanol and spirostanol saponins of tigogenin, neotigogenin, gitogenin, neogitogenin, hecogenin, neohecogenin, diosgenin, chlorogenin, ruscogenin and sarsasapogenin type are frequently found in this plant. Four sulphated saponins of tigogenin and diosgenin type are also isolated. Extracts and steroidal saponins have been found to possess various pharmacological activities. Preparations based on the saponin fraction of T. terrestris are used for treatment of infertility and libido disorders in men and women, as well as for treatment of cardiac diseases. Food supplements containing T. terrestris extracts are on sale in USA and Europe with claim of a general stimulating action.

216 citations


Cites background from "Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants..."

  • ...In India the fruits have been long used as a tonic and against calculus infections, urinary discharges and impotence; in the form of infusion it is recommended as a diuretic and against kidney diseases and gravel (Chopra et al., 1956)....

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