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Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants
01 Jan 1956-
About: The article was published on 1956-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 5524 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Glossary.
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TL;DR: The endemic oils of B. aucheri and S. benthamiana consisted mainly of sesquiterpenes, while in P. abrotanoides oil monoterpenes predominated.
Abstract: The composition of the essential oils from three Labiatae species of Iran—Ballota aucheri Boiss., Stachys benthamiana Boiss., and Perovskia abrotanoides Karel.—obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. α-Cadinol (21.0%) and dehydroaromadendrane (11.8%) were the main components among the 37 constituents characterized in the oil of B. aucheri, representing 82.5% of the total components detected. Twenty compounds were identified in the oil of S. benthamiana, representing 91.2% of the total oil, with germacrene D (16.8%), linalool (16.6%) and β-caryophyllene (11.0%) as the major constituents. The oil of P. abrotanoides was characterized by a higher amount of 1,8-cineole (28.0%) and camphor (24.0%), among the 23 components comprising 84.3% of the total oil detected. The endemic oils (B. aucheri and S. benthamiana) consisted mainly of sesquiterpenes, while in P. abrotanoides oil monoterpenes predominated.
35 citations
01 Apr 2012
TL;DR: A thorough investigation on the phytochemistry and therapeutic values of the bioactive compounds contained in these epiphytes and parasites would result in the discovery of new and valuable drugs of high potentials and of interest to the Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical industries.
Abstract: Studies on ethnomedicinal aspects of epiphytes and parasites of Kerala have been conducted and it revealed that as the tribes of Kerala have a lot of terrestrial medicinal plants available around their premises, they seldom resorted to the epiphytic and parasitic medicinal plants occurring on tall trees for their use as drugs for the treatment of ailments. Hence, their knowledge on epiphytes and parasites was found to be very limited, especially among the young generation of the tribes. The present study reported the use of 28 species (16 epiphytes and 12 parasites), which represent about 13.4% of the total epiphytes and parasites present in Kerala, and they are of valuable properties and uses and are used for curing or corrective measures for several diseases. Majority of the properties and uses recorded are first reports pertaining to these special groups of plants. A thorough investigation on the phytochemistry and therapeutic values of the bioactive compounds contained in these epiphytes and parasites would result in the discovery of new and valuable drugs of high potentials and of interest to the Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical industries.
35 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The present communication summarizes the taxonomy, medicinal potentialities and economic values of som e species of genus Ocimum, which includes aromatic herbs, under shrubs and shrubs yielding essential oils of various aroma chemicals of tremendous value in pharmaceutical, modern perfumery and food processing industry.
Abstract: From ancient times, medicinal and aromatic plants have been of great use for curing various diseases a nd ailments. Because of multifarious potentialities an d fine aroma chemicals, Ocimum possesses tremendous medicinal properties like anti-biotic, anti-stress, diaphoret ic, diuretic, anti-pyretic, stomachic, anti-microbi al, insecticidal, etc. The present communication gives a brief account of medicinal potentialities and economic uses of both exotic and indigenous species of Ocimum. India is a heritable emporium of many medicinal and aromatic plants. It has one of the oldest, richest and most diverse cultural traditions associated with us e of medicinal plants. The classical Indian Literature, The Vedas, which are more than 300 years old, mention t he use of medicinal and aromatic herbs, shrubs and flowers in treating various ailments. Ocimum like other medicinal plants are highly valued for their medicinal and aromatic properties in the traditional as well as modern pharmacological syste m. The genus Ocimum , of Family Lamiaceae, has tropical distribution with nearly two- third of the 160 spec ies reported from West Africa and the remaining one- third from Asia and America. India is represented by nine species of Ocimum , mainly confined to tropical and peninsular regions (Anonymous, 1966). Ocimum includes aromatic herbs, under shrubs and shrubs yielding essential oils of various aroma chemicals which are of tremendous value in pharmaceutical, modern perfumery and food processing industry. The present communication thus summarizes the taxonomy, medicinal potentialities and economic values of som e species of genus Ocimum . 1. Ocimum sanctum L.
35 citations
Cites background from "Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants..."
...Leaves and seeds are used in migraine (Kirtikar and Basu, 1935; Chopra et al., 1956)....
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...The oil is applied to r educe joint pains, inflammation and body rashes (Mhaskar and Calas, 1931; Kirtikar and Basu, 1935; Gupta and Vishwanathan, 1955; Chopra et al., 1956; Khosla et l., 2000)....
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...Medicinal potentialities and economic value of essential oil: The plant is stomachic, stimulant, carminative, anti-pyretic, diaphoretic, expectorant , diuretic and also useful in heart, brain and blood diseases asthma, inflammations and enlarged spleen (Chopra et al., 1956)....
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...Medicinal potentialities and economic value of essential oil: The plant is stomachic, stimulant, carminative, anti-pyretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, diuretic and also useful in heart, brain and blood diseases asthma, inflammations and enlarged spleen (Chopra et al., 1956)....
[...]
...The oil is applied to reduce joint pains, inflammation and body rashes (Mhaskar and Calas, 1931; Kirtikar and Basu, 1935; Gupta and Vishwanathan, 1955; Chopra et al., 1956; Khosla et l., 2000)....
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01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used methanolic extract of leaf of Abutilon indicum for its cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity and found that the chloroform extract exhibited no antibacterial activity except Sarcina lutea (8.4 mm).
Abstract: The investigation was conducted with crude methanolic extract of leaf of Abutilon indicum for its cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity of the extract was evaluated against various Gram-positive, Gramnegative bacteria and fungi using disk diffusion technique. For cytotoxic activity, brine shrimp lethality bioassay was performed to estimate LC50 values. The average zone of inhibition produced by carbon tetrachloride extract was found 7-10 mm at a concentration of 400µg/disc. The chloroform extract exhibited no antibacterial activity except Sarcina lutea (8.4 mm). In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, LC50 obtained from the best-fit line slope were 0.419, 3.01, 5.62, 1.51, and 11.20 µg/ml for positive control (vincristine sulfate), n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous fraction respectively. The cytotoxicity exhibited by chloroform soluble fraction of methanol extract was promising. The carbon tetrachloride extract showed mild to moderate antimicrobial activity.
35 citations
TL;DR: The present results suggest that the medicinal plants extract was an excellent potential for controlling filarial vector, C. quinquefasciatus, and these plant extracts of the suitable alternatives of synthetic insecticides for the mosquito vector management.
Abstract: The present study explored the effects of Jatropha curcas, Hyptis suaveolens, Abutilon indicum, and Leucas aspera tested against third instar larvae of filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. The dried plant materials were powdered by an electrical blender. From each sample, 500 g powder was macerated with 1.5 L of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol 8h, using Soxhlet apparatus, and filtered. The extracts were concentrated at reduced temperature on a rotary evaporator and stored at a temperature of 4°C. The yield of crude extract was 11.4, 12.2, 10.6, and 13.5 g in hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract of J. curcas with LC50 values of 230.32, 212.85, 192.07, and 113.23 ppm; H. suaveolens with LC50 values of 213.09, 217.64, 167.59, and 86.93 ppm; A. indicum with LC50 values of 204.18, 155.53, 166.32, and 111.58 ppm; and L. aspera with LC50 values of 152.18, 118.29, 111.43, and 107.73 ppm, respectively, against third instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. Maximum larvicidal activity was observed in the methanolic extract followed by ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane extract. No mortality was observed in the control. The observed mortality were statistically significant at P < 0.05 level. L. aspera showed the highest mortality rate against the mosquito larvae in laboratory and field. The larval density was decreased after the treatment of plant extracts at the breeding sites (sewage water), and hence, these plant extracts of the suitable alternatives of synthetic insecticides for the mosquito vector management. The present results suggest that the medicinal plants extract was an excellent potential for controlling filarial vector, C. quinquefasciatus.
35 citations