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Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants
01 Jan 1956-
About: The article was published on 1956-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 5524 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Glossary.
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TL;DR: Methanol, acetone and diethyl ether extracts of Alpinia galanga have been evaluated against pathogens and yielded compounds like 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, which could be responsible for its broad spectrum activity.
Abstract: Methanol, acetone and diethyl ether extracts of Alpinia galanga have been evaluated against pathogens viz. Bacillus subtilis MTCC 2391, Enterobacter aerogene, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli MTCC 1563, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 6642, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus epidermis using Agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of all the extracts were determined using the macrodilution method. Methanol extracts have shown excellent activity towards all the pathogens with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.04-1.28 mg/ml and 0.08-2.56 mg/ml, respectively. The GC-MS analysis of methanol extracts have yielded compounds like 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (59.9%), benzyl alcohol (57.6%), 1,8 cineole (15.65%), methylcinnamate (9.4%), 3-phenyl-2-butanone (8.5%) and 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid (8.9%), which could be responsible for its broad spectrum activity. So, A. galanga can be quite resourceful for the development of new generation drugs.
70 citations
Cites background from "Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants..."
...Aromatic and medicinal plants are known to produce certain bioactive molecules which react with other organisms in the environment, inhibiting bacterial or fungal growth [45, 46]....
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01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: This review article mainly considers the recent developments in this area to control fish diseases and enhance the growth of fish in the culture setups, and describes all different types and sources of immunostimulants, objective and evaluation of the mode of work.
Abstract: The contribution of aquaculture to fish production is steadily increasing. Among various kinds of cultivated aquatic organisms, many marine and freshwater finfish and shellfish species constitute an important industry with their production increasing every year. Development of the aquaculture industry and increasing demand for fish production further provocate intensive fish culture, where the fish is at high risk of infectious disease caused by bacteria, virus, parasites etc. Use of expensive chemotherapeutants and antibiotics for controlling disease have widely been criticized for their negative impacts like residual accumulation in the tissue, development of the drug resistance and immunosuppression, thus resulting in reduced consumer preference for food fish treated with antibiotics. Hence, instead of chemotherapeutic agents, increasing attention is being paid to the use of immunostimulants for disease control measures in aquaculture. Immunostimulants comprise a group of biological and synthetic compounds that enhance the non-specific cellular and humoral defense mechanism in animals. These substances such as levamisole and glucan, peptidoglycon, chitin, chitosan, yeast and vitamin combinations as well as various products derived from plants and animals are effective in prevention of diseases. An application of immunostimulants for the prevention of fish diseases are considered as an attractive and promising area. They mainly promotes the function of phagocytes and increase their microbicidal power. However, a controversy exists over the use of these substances, as in a few cases they have failed to render enhanced protection or increase in immunity. This review article mainly considers the recent developments in this area to control fish diseases and enhance the growth of fish in the culture setups, and describing all different types and sources of immunostimulants, objective and evaluation of the mode of work.
70 citations
Cites background from "Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants..."
...water soluble phenolic compounds, and various other constituents such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, and caryophyllene that might act as a potential immunostimulant (Chopra et al. 1956)....
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TL;DR: Gymnema sylvestre is a plant included in Apocynaceae family and is located in many regions of Asia, Africa and Australia and is widely used in traditional and Ayurvedic systems of medicine.
Abstract: Gymnema sylvestre is a plant included in Apocynaceae family and is located in many regions of Asia, Africa and Australia. This plant is widely used as a traditional therapy for different purposes. Even now it is being used as a dietary supplement due to its numerous therapeutic uses. It is known to have blood glucose lowering potential and, thus, is widely used in traditional and Ayurvedic systems of medicine. It renders glucose lowering activity due to the presence of phytochemicals, such as gurmarin, gymnemic acid as well as gymnemasaponins. Gymnema sylvestre is also known to have anti-oxidant, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, gastro and hepatoprotective, anticancer and lipid-lowering activities. This review discusses in details on different pharmacological and clinical potentials of Gymnema sylvestre and its chemical constituents associated with its therapeutic potentials.
70 citations
Cites background from "Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants..."
...Seeds are 1.3 cm long, flat with a thin marginal wing and narrowly ovoid-oblong (Chopra et al., 2002; Kirtikar and Basu, 1975)....
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...3 cm long, flat with a thin marginal wing and narrowly ovoid-oblong (Chopra et al., 2002; Kirtikar and Basu, 1975)....
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...R.Br. ex Sm. 3 October 2019 | Volume 10 | Article 1223Frontiers in Pharmacology | www.frontiersin.org problems, and diabetes (Chopra et al., 2002; Anis et al., 2000; Potawale et al., 2008)....
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TL;DR: Betel leaf and its constituents decreased the number of papillomas per animal with the maximum protection, considering molar dosage, exhibited by beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol.
70 citations
TL;DR: Research carried out using different in vitro and in vivo techniques of biological evaluation support most of the claims of Streblus asper Lour for treatment of different ailments.
Abstract: Streblus asper Lour is a small tree found in tropical countries, such as India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand. Various parts of this plant are used in Ayurveda and other folk medicines for the treatment of different ailments such as filariasis, leprosy, toothache, diarrhea, dysentery and cancer. Research carried out using different in vitro and in vivo techniques of biological evaluation support most of these claims. This review presents the botany, chemistry, traditional uses and pharmacology of this medicinal plant.
70 citations