Glucose oxidase and L-arginine functionalized black phosphorus nanosheets for multimodal targeted therapy of glioblastoma
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel strategy that combines photothermal therapy (PTT), tumor starvation and nitric oxide (NO) therapy based on functionalized black phosphorus nanosheets (BP) is developed.
About: This article is published in Chemical Engineering Journal.The article was published on 2022-02-15. It has received 15 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Photothermal therapy & Glucose oxidase.
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TL;DR: Glioma is often referred to as one of the most dreadful central nervous system (CNS)-specific tumors with rapidly-proliferating cancerous glial cells, accounting for nearly half of the brain tumors at an annual incidence rate of 30-80 per a million population as discussed by the authors .
8 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper constructed collagen-anchored hollow nanoreactors to enhance intratumoral retention and biosafety of enzymes, which achieved chemotherapy and cascade catalysis-based starvation therapy.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a review describes the recent efforts and preclinical achievements in the development of non-based cancer therapies, and the chemical structures employed in the fabrication of NO-generating nanomedicines are summarized.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the versatile MoO3-x@Fe3O4-GOD-PVP (MFGP) nanoreactors were developed to overcome the limitations of nanocatalytic therapy.
Abstract: Nanocatalytic therapy is an emerging strategy for combating various malignant tumors, which is limited by acid/H2O2 deficiency and overexpressed glutathione (GSH). Herein, the versatile MoO3–x@Fe3O4-GOD-PVP (MFGP) nanoreactors were developed to overcome the limitations of nanocatalytic therapy. First, MoO3–x nanoflakes were loaded with Fe3O4 nanozymes via electrostatic self-assembly and then decorated with glucose oxidase (GOD) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). At the tumor microenvironment (TME), nanocatalytic therapy can be performed by the nanoreactors triggering a sequence of catalytic reactions. The hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated by Fe3O4 nanozymes triggering the Fenton reaction can kill cancer cells. GOD could not only consume the glucose of the TME to starve the tumor but also in situ generate gluconic acid/H2O2 resulting in sustainable ·OH production. In addition, overexpressed GSH, an antioxidant of cancer cells, would be effectively consumed via Mo triggering redox reactions. Importantly, due to the strong second near-infrared (NIR-II) absorption of MoO3–x nanoflakes, MFGP possessed an excellent photothermal property (photothermal conversion efficiency of 49.9%). The generated hyperthermia by MFGP can simultaneously enhance the Fenton reaction efficiency, GOD catalytic reaction, and GSH depletion. Extensive biomedical evaluations demonstrated the desirable tumor suppression effect based on hyperthermia-augmented nanocatalytic therapy. Overall, this work paves the way to the exploration of tumor nanocatalytic therapy.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors review and discuss recent applications of NO nanomedicines, their therapeutic mechanisms, and the challenges of NO nano-drugs for future scientific studies and clinical applications.
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous transmitter extensively present in the human body, regulates vascular relaxation, immune response, inflammation, neurotransmission, and other crucial functions. Nitrite donors have been used clinically to treat angina, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and erectile dysfunction. Based on NO's vast biological functions, it further can treat tumors, bacteria/biofilms and other infections, wound healing, eye diseases, and osteoporosis. However, delivering NO is challenging due to uncontrolled blood circulation release and a half-life of under five seconds. With advanced biotechnology and the development of nanomedicine, NO donors packaged with multifunctional nanocarriers by physically embedding or chemically conjugating have been reported to show improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Herein, we review and discuss recent applications of NO nanomedicines, their therapeutic mechanisms, and the challenges of NO nanomedicines for future scientific studies and clinical applications. As NO enables the inhibition of the replication of DNA and RNA in infectious microbes, including COVID-19 coronaviruses and malaria parasites, we highlight the potential of NO nanomedicines for antipandemic efforts. This review aims to provide deep insights and practical hints into design strategies and applications of NO nanomedicines.
2 citations
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TL;DR: An overview of the current clinical progress of phototherapies for cancer and discuss the emerging preclinical bioengineering approaches that have the potential to overcome challenges in this area and thus improve the efficiency and utility of such treatments are provided.
Abstract: Light-activated, photosensitizer-based therapies have been established as safe modalities of tumour ablation for numerous cancer indications. Two main approaches are available: photodynamic therapy, which results in localized chemical damage in the target lesions, and photothermal therapy, which results in localized thermal damage. Whereas the administration of photosensitizers is a key component of photodynamic therapy, exogenous photothermal contrast agents are not required for photothermal therapy but can enhance the efficiency and efficacy of treatment. Over the past decades, great strides have been made in the development of phototherapeutic drugs and devices as cancer treatments, but key challenges have restricted their widespread clinical use outside of certain dermatological indications. Improvements in the tumour specificity of photosensitizers, achieved through targeting or localized activation, could provide better outcomes with fewer adverse effects, as could combinations with chemotherapies or immunotherapies. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current clinical progress of phototherapies for cancer and discuss the emerging preclinical bioengineering approaches that have the potential to overcome challenges in this area and thus improve the efficiency and utility of such treatments.
1,197 citations
TL;DR: There is still significant room for development, as researchers continue to refine existing workflows while finding new and exciting applications that can take advantage of this developing technology, cell‐membrane‐coating nanotechnology.
Abstract: Nanoparticle-based therapeutic, prevention, and detection modalities have the potential to greatly impact how diseases are diagnosed and managed in the clinic. With the wide range of nanomaterials available, the rational design of nanocarriers on an application-specific basis has become increasingly commonplace. Here, a comprehensive overview is provided on an emerging platform: cell-membrane-coating nanotechnology. As a fundamental unit of biology, cells carry out a wide range of functions, including the remarkable ability to interface and interact with their surrounding environment. Instead of attempting to replicate such functions via synthetic techniques, researchers are now directly leveraging naturally derived cell membranes as a means of bestowing nanoparticles with enhanced biointerfacing capabilities. This top-down technique is facile, highly generalizable, and has the potential to greatly augment existing nanocarriers. Further, the introduction of a natural membrane substrate onto nanoparticles surfaces has enabled additional applications beyond those traditionally associated with nanomedicine. Despite its relative youth, there exists an impressive body of literature on cell membrane coating, which is covered here in detail. Overall, there is still significant room for development, as researchers continue to refine existing workflows while finding new and exciting applications that can take advantage of this developing technology.
908 citations
TL;DR: The synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/chemotherapy makes BP-based drug delivery system a multifunctional nanomedicine platform, and the intrinsic photothermal and photodynamic effects of BP enhance the antitumor activities.
Abstract: A black phosphorus (BP)-based drug delivery system for synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/chemotherapy of cancer is constructed. As a 2D nanosheet, BP shows super high drug loading capacity and pH-/photoresponsive drug release. The intrinsic photothermal and photodynamic effects of BP enhance the antitumor activities. The synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/chemotherapy makes BP-based drug delivery system a multifunctional nanomedicine platform.
817 citations
TL;DR: Supportive and palliative care remain important considerations throughout the disease course in the multimodality approach to management, and innovative clinical trial designs with biomarker-enrichment strategies are needed to ultimately improve the outcome of patients with glioblastoma.
Abstract: Glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor. Overall, the prognosis for patients with this disease is poor, with a median survival of <2 years. There is a slight predominance in males, and incidence increases with age. The standard approach to therapy in the newly diagnosed setting includes surgery followed by concurrent radiotherapy with temozolomide and further adjuvant temozolomide. Tumor-treating fields, delivering low-intensity alternating electric fields, can also be given concurrently with adjuvant temozolomide. At recurrence, there is no standard of care; however, surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy with chemotherapy or bevacizumab are all potential options, depending on the patient's circumstances. Supportive and palliative care remain important considerations throughout the disease course in the multimodality approach to management. The recently revised classification of glioblastoma based on molecular profiling, notably isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status, is a result of enhanced understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of disease. There is a clear need for better therapeutic options, and there have been substantial efforts exploring immunotherapy and precision oncology approaches. In contrast to other solid tumors, however, biological factors, such as the blood-brain barrier and the unique tumor and immune microenvironment, represent significant challenges in the development of novel therapies. Innovative clinical trial designs with biomarker-enrichment strategies are needed to ultimately improve the outcome of patients with glioblastoma.
766 citations
TL;DR: The current standard of care for patients with glioblastoma includes surgery, temozolomide chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and corticosteroids, all of which have immunosuppressive effects; the implications for combining the current standard-of-care treatment modalities with immunotherapies, potential biomarkers of response, and future directions for gliOBlastoma immuno-oncology are examined.
Abstract: Glioma is the most common primary cancer of the central nervous system, and around 50% of patients present with the most aggressive form of the disease, glioblastoma. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmacotherapy (typically chemotherapy with temozolomide), have not resulted in major improvements in the survival outcomes of patients with glioblastoma. Reasons for this lack of progress include invasive tumour growth in an essential organ, which limits the utility of local therapy, as well as the protection of tumour cells by the blood-brain barrier, their intrinsic resistance to the induction of cell death, and lack of dependence on single, targetable oncogenic pathways, all of which impose challenges for systemic therapy. Furthermore, the unique immune environment of the central nervous system needs to be considered when pursuing immune-based therapeutic approaches for glioblastoma. Nevertheless, a range of different immunotherapies are currently being actively investigated in patients with this disease, spurred on by advances in immuno-oncology for other tumour types. Herein, we examine the current state of immunotherapy for gliomas, notably glioblastoma, the implications for combining the current standard-of-care treatment modalities with immunotherapies, potential biomarkers of response, and future directions for glioblastoma immuno-oncology.
749 citations