Glueless Compound Ground Technique for Dielectric Resonator Antenna and Arrays
04 Jul 2017-IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE))-Vol. 16, pp 2440-2443
TL;DR: In this paper, a compound ground technique has been explored for dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) and arrays, which discard the traditional bonding by chemical glue that suffers from several limitations, especially in arrays.
Abstract: A newly conceived compound ground technique has been explored for dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) and arrays. The aim is to discard the traditional bonding by chemical glue that suffers from several limitations, especially in arrays. The proposed configuration uses a secondary ground plane with strategic perforations and clipping arrangement to achieve required mechanical stability along with accurate DRA positioning. It does not affect any radiation mode(s) or characteristics. The design has been tested for a single as well as a four-element array in S -band indicating close corroboration with its traditional counterpart. Scalability study ensures its operation up to K -band. This technique should find potential applications, especially in large arrays and in any platform subjected to mechanical vibrations.
Citations
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TL;DR: The measured results demonstrated that the proposed singly fed DRA with EBG on the ground plate is suitable for implementing wideband circular polarized MIMO antennas in a compact size.
Abstract: We present a wideband circularly polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with enhanced diversity. In the DRA element, two diagonal edges of the DR were truncated at 45° to obtain a wider axial ratio larger than 0.65 GHz. The DRA element was excited by a cross-ring slot with specific slot-arm ratio through microstrip-line (MSTL) implemented at the backside of the FR4 substrate to generate CP fields. Small triangular stands at the edge of the DR were employed to hold it in place to avoid any degradation from the uncontrollable bonding agent used for attaching DR onto the FR4 substrate. The DRA achieved an impedance bandwidth better than 0.8 GHz with an antenna gain of 4.83 dBi. Using the DRA with the MSTL feed, two-element CP-DRA array was implemented with electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure etched onto the ground plane of the MSTL. The proposed architecture achieves isolation better than 26 dB over the desired frequency band without any performance degradation while maintaining its compact size in the array. Various diversity analysis was carried out on the implemented circularly polarized MIMO DRA. The measured results demonstrated that the proposed singly fed DRA with EBG on the ground plate is suitable for implementing wideband circular polarized MIMO antennas in a compact size.
56 citations
Cites methods from "Glueless Compound Ground Technique ..."
...sive and cater to bulk production [21]....
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...Although no adhesive was used in [21], a strategic hole was cut into a second ground plane to accommodate the DR with two metal...
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...ation in the radiation characteristics [20], [21]....
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TL;DR: Directional radiation pattern and circular polarization features make the proposed radiating structure more appropriate for WLAN and local thermal equilibrium (LTE) band 46 (5.5 GHz) applications.
Abstract: In this paper, a design approach for aperture coupled modified cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (cDRA) array is discussed. The proposed radiating element is dual cylindrical ceramic blocks placed with a small gap. The proposed aperture excites dual radiating mode pattern inside modified cDRA, i.e., HEM11δ and TE01δ . The arrangement of radiating elements, i.e., dual cylindrical ceramic blocks, provides lower Q -factor (wider impedance bandwidth). Conversion from a single radiating element to an array arrangement provides the gain enhancement of 3.0 dBi in the complete operating frequency range. The proposed aperture offers circularly rotating EM wave within frequency range 4.5–5.7 GHz. Antenna prototype is fabricated for the validation of simulated near as well as far-field parameters. Practically measured outcomes confirm that it is working in between the frequency range 4.7–6.4 GHz. The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of the proposed radiator is about 23.52% (4.5–5.7 GHz). Directional radiation pattern and circular polarization features make the proposed radiating structure more appropriate for WLAN (5.2 GHz) and local thermal equilibrium (LTE) band 46 (5.5 GHz) applications.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a fully substrate-integrated dense dielectric patch (DDP) antenna and array is proposed, which is reasonably constructed and implemented by making full use of the printed circuit board (PCB) technology.
Abstract: Here, a fully substrate-integrated dense dielectric patch (DDP) antenna and array is proposed. The DDP resonator based on high-permittivity substrate on the top layer is reasonably constructed and implemented by making full use of the printed circuit board (PCB) technology, whose characteristics are theoretically analysed in detail. Accordingly, the DDP antenna element operating at the dominate TM
101
mode (cavity mode) is designed, which is fed by the substrate-integrated strip line (SISL) through a feeding slot. The slot resonant frequency is close to the TM
101
mode of the DDP so that the antenna impedance bandwidth (BW) is extended. For further demonstration, a 1 × 4 array based on the DDP antenna element is designed and fabricated. The simulated and measured results are given, showing good agreement. The impedance BW for |
S
11
| <; -10 dB is about 8.4% and the peak gain reaches 11.77 dBi.
13 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review of the modes and the radiation characteristics of open dielectric resonators (DRs) of different shapes, such as cylindrical, spherical, and rectangular, is presented.
Abstract: Open dielectric resonators (DRs) offer attractive features as antenna elements. These include their small size, mechanical simplicity, high radiation efficiency due to no inherent conductor loss, relatively large bandwidth, simple coupling schemes to nearly all commonly used transmission lines, and the advantage of obtaining different radiation characteristics using different modes of the resonator. In this article, we give a comprehensive review of the modes and the radiation characteristics of DRs of different shapes, such as cylindrical, cylindrical ring, spherical, and rectangular. Further, accurate closed form expressions are derived for the resonant frequencies, radiation Q-factors, and the inside fields of a cylindrical DR. These design expressions are valid over a wide range of DR parameters. Finally, the techniques used to feed DR antennas are discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
861 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a historical review of the research carried out on dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) over the last three decades and highlight major research activities in each decade.
Abstract: This article presents a historical review of the research carried out on dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) over the last three decades. Major research activities in each decade are highlighted. The current state of the art of dielectric-resonator-antenna technology is then reviewed. The achievable performance of dielectric resonator antennas designed for compactness, wide impedance bandwidth, low profiles, circular polarization, or high gain are illustrated. The latest developments in dielectric-resonator-antenna arrays and fabrication techniques are also examined.
494 citations
"Glueless Compound Ground Technique ..." refers background in this paper
...D IELECTRIC resonator antenna (DRA) [1]–[3] is a matured area although some challenges still remain unresolved [4]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a new excitation scheme that employs a conducting conformal strip is proposed for dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) excitation, which is successfully demonstrated by using a hemispherical DRA whose exact Green function is found using the mode-matching method.
Abstract: A new excitation scheme that employs a conducting conformal strip is proposed for dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) excitation. The new excitation scheme is successfully demonstrated by using a hemispherical DRA whose exact Green function is found using the mode-matching method. The moment method is used to solve the unknown strip current from which the input impedance is obtained. Novel recurrence formulas were obtained so that the impedance integrals are evaluated analytically. This solves the singularity problem of the Green function and substantially reduces the computation time. An experiment was carried out to verify the theory. The co- and cross-polarized field patterns are also shown. In addition, an experimental technique which deals with the problem of an air gap between the DRA and the ground plane is presented.
123 citations
"Glueless Compound Ground Technique ..." refers methods in this paper
...Some earlier investigations used conducting adhesive tape as a pseudo GP [8]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the importance of time and temperature in thermofixation procedures is dealt with in practical terms and several practical aspects of the experimental study and discussion of Part 1 are considered further.
Abstract: Several practical aspects of the experimental study and discussion of Part 1 are considered further. Functions of padding assistants, and in particular the function of a migration inhibitor, are discussed, and the importance of time and temperature in thermofixation procedures is dealt with in practical terms.
113 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a 60 GHz linearly polarized integrated waveguide (HMSIW)-fed dielectric resonator antenna with a transverse rectangular slot to feed a cylinder was proposed.
Abstract: Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) fed by a halfmode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) are proposed and studied in this paper. The investigated antenna configuration consists of a dielectric resonator (DR) mounted on the conducting back plane of an HMSIW. Energy is coupled from the interior HMSIW to the DR through an aperture between them. Using this excitation scheme, a 60 GHz linearly polarized HMSIW-fed DRA is first designed by applying a transverse rectangular slot to feed a dielectric cylinder. This design experimentally exhibits a bandwidth of 24.2% for S11 < -10 dB. In particular, a gain higher than 5.5 dB and a radiation efficiency between 80% and 92% are obtained over the whole operation band, indicating that the HMSIW can be an efficient feed for DRAs operating around 60 GHz. In addition to this linearly polarized example, a DRA of circular polarization, coupled through a pair of cross slots, is also designed, presenting a measured 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 4.0%.
87 citations
"Glueless Compound Ground Technique ..." refers background in this paper
...The DRA at millimeter wave or upper microwave bands has always been a challenge due to its small dimensions [9], [10]....
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