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Glycinergic Signaling in Macrophages and Its Application in Macrophage-Associated Diseases.

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TLDR
In this paper, a review highlights the conceivable role of glycinergic signaling for macrophage polarization and indicates the potential application of glycine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in macrophages-associated diseases.
Abstract
Accumulating evidences support that amino acids direct the fate decision of immune cells. Glycine is a simple structural amino acid acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Besides, glycine receptors as well as glycine transporters are found in macrophages, indicating that glycine alters the functions of macrophages besides as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Mechanistically, glycine shapes macrophage polarization via cellular signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, NRF2, and Akt) and microRNAs. Moreover, glycine has beneficial effects in preventing and/or treating macrophage-associated diseases such as colitis, NAFLD and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Collectively, this review highlights the conceivable role of glycinergic signaling for macrophage polarization and indicates the potential application of glycine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in macrophage-associated diseases.

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1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome

TL;DR: In this article , the authors described a unique plasma metabolite profile in subjects with acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS), suggesting pathogenic models involving specific patterns of neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress.
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α-Aminobutyric Acid Constrains Macrophage-Associated Inflammatory Diseases through Metabolic Reprogramming and Epigenetic Modification

TL;DR: In this article , α-aminobutyric acid (AABA) was used to stimulate bone-marrow-derived macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate M1 macrophage.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets

TL;DR: The four stages of orderly inflammation mediated by macrophages are discussed: recruitment to tissues; differentiation and activation in situ; conversion to suppressive cells; and restoration of tissue homeostasis.
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MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity

TL;DR: It is suggested that an increase in MCP-1 expression in adipose tissue contributes to the macrophage infiltration into this tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis associated with obesity in mice.
Journal ArticleDOI

Macrophage plasticity, polarization, and function in health and disease.

TL;DR: The protective and pathogenic role of the macrophage subsets in normal and pathological pregnancy, anti‐microbial defense, anti-tumor immunity, metabolic disease and obesity, asthma and allergy, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, wound healing, and autoimmunity are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Metabolite Profiling Identifies a Key Role for Glycine in Rapid Cancer Cell Proliferation

TL;DR: Glycine consumption and expression of the mitochondrial glycine biosynthetic pathway was identified as strongly correlated with rates of proliferation across cancer cells, and higher expression of this pathway was associated with greater mortality in breast cancer patients.
Journal ArticleDOI

Amino acids and immune function

TL;DR: Increasing evidence shows that dietary supplementation of specific amino acids to animals and humans with malnutrition and infectious disease enhances the immune status, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality.
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