Glycosyltransferases. Structure, localization, and control of cell type-specific glycosylation.
About: This article is published in Journal of Biological Chemistry.The article was published on 1989-10-25 and is currently open access. It has received 849 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Glycosylation.
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TL;DR: Cell adhesion by ELAM-1 is shown to be mediated by a carbohydrate ligand, sialyl-Lewis X (SLex; NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,4(Fuc alpha 1,3)-GlcNAc-), a terminal structure found on cell-surface glycoprotein and glycolipid carbohydrate groups of neutrophils.
Abstract: Recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation is mediated in part by endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), which is expressed on activated endothelial cells of the blood vessel walls. ELAM-1 is a member of the LEC-CAM or selectin family of adhesion molecules that contain a lectin motif thought to recognize carbohydrate ligands. In this report, cell adhesion by ELAM-1 is shown to be mediated by a carbohydrate ligand, sialyl-Lewis X (SLex; NeuAc alpha 2,3Gal beta 1,4(Fuc alpha 1,3)-GlcNAc-), a terminal structure found on cell-surface glycoprotein and glycolipid carbohydrate groups of neutrophils.
1,337 citations
TL;DR: Bacteria did not bind to Leb antigen substituted with a terminal GalNAc alpha 1-3 residue (blood group A determinant), suggesting that the availability of H. pylori receptors might be reduced in individuals of blood group A and B phenotypes, as compared with blood group O individuals.
Abstract: Helicobacter pylori is associated with development of gastritis, gastric ulcers, and adenocarcinomas in humans. The Lewis(b) (Le(b)) blood group antigen mediates H. pylori attachment to human gastric mucosa. Soluble glycoproteins presenting the Leb antigen or antibodies to the Leb antigen inhibited bacterial binding. Gastric tissue lacking Leb expression did not bind H. pylori. Bacteria did not bind to Leb antigen substituted with a terminal GalNAc alpha 1-3 residue (blood group A determinant), suggesting that the availability of H. pylori receptors might be reduced in individuals of blood group A and B phenotypes, as compared with blood group O individuals.
1,155 citations
TL;DR: A critical single-base deletion was found in the 0 gene, which results in an entirely different, inactive protein incapable of modifying the H antigen, and this work presents a molecular basis for the ABO genotypes.
Abstract: The histo-blood group ABO, the major human alloantigen system, involves three carbohydrate antigens (ABH). A, B and AB individuals express glycosyltransferase activities converting the H antigen into A or B antigens, whereas O(H) individuals lack such activity. Here we present a molecular basis for the ABO genotypes. The A and B genes differ in a few single-base substitutions, changing four amino-acid residues that may cause differences in A and B transferase specificity. A critical single-base deletion was found in the O gene, which results in an entirely different, inactive protein incapable of modifying the H antigen.
1,066 citations
TL;DR: The present review summarizes the results of developmental, gnotobiotic, and in vitro studies that showed alterations in mucin gene expression, mucus composition, or mucus secretion in response to intestinal microbes or host-derived inflammatory mediators.
943 citations
TL;DR: Examples are given of changes that occur in the carbohydrates of soluble and cell-surface glycoproteins during differentiation, growth and malignancy, which further highlight the important role of these substances in health and disease.
Abstract: During the last decade, there have been enormous advances in our knowledge of glycoproteins and the stage has been set for the biotechnological production of many of them for therapeutic use. These advances are reviewed, with special emphasis on the structure and function of the glycoproteins (excluding the proteoglycans). Current methods for structural analysis of glycoproteins are surveyed, as are novel carbohydrate-peptide linking groups, and mono- and oligo-saccharide constituents found in these macromolecules. The possible roles of the carbohydrate units in modulating the physicochemical and biological properties of the parent proteins are discussed, and evidence is presented on their roles as recognition determinants between molecules and cells, or cell and cells. Finally, examples are given of changes that occur in the carbohydrates of soluble and cell-surface glycoproteins during differentiation, growth and malignancy, which further highlight the important role of these substances in health and disease.
803 citations
References
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TL;DR: 5'-Noncoding sequences have been compiled from 699 vertebrate mRNAs and GCCA/GCCATGG emerges as the consensus sequence for initiation of translation in vertebrates.
Abstract: 5'-Noncoding sequences have been compiled from 699 vertebrate mRNAs. (GCC) GCCA/GCCATGG emerges as the consensus sequence for initiation of translation in vertebrates. The most highly conserved position in that motif is the purine in position -3 (three nucleotides upstream from the ATG codon); 97% of vertebrate mRNAs have a purine, most often A, in that position. The periodical occurrence of G (in positions -3, -6, -9) is discussed. Upstream ATG codons occur in fewer than 10% of vertebrate mRNAs-at-large; a notable exception are oncogene transcripts, two-thirds of which have ATG codons preceding the start of the major open reading frame. The leader sequences of most vertebrate mRNAs fall in the size range of 20 to 100 nucleotides. The significance of shorter and longer 5'-noncoding sequences is discussed.
5,077 citations
TL;DR: The structure of ASPARAGINE-LINKed OLIGOSACCI-IARIDES and transfer-Oligosaccharide Structural Requirements, and Sequence of Processing and Specificity of Processing Enzymes are presented.
Abstract: PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY 631 STRUCTURES OF ASPARAGINE-LINKED OLIGOSACCI-IARIDES 632 ASSEMBLY AND TRANSFER OF THE LIPID-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDE ...... 635 Assembly 635 Transfer-Oligosaccharide Structural Requirements 636 Transfer-Role of Peptide Acceptor 637 OLIGOSACCHARIDE P OCESSING 639 Sequence of Processing 639 Subcellular Localization of Processing Enzymes 641 Processing in Lower Organisms 643 Specificity of Processing Enzymes 644 OTHER POS’VI~RANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS 653 CONTROL F OLIGOSACCHARIDE PROCESSING 655
4,699 citations
TL;DR: Describing de 2 categories de lectines animales: les lectines de type C, calcium-dependantes et les lectine de type S, thiol-dependante.
1,241 citations
TL;DR: These findings either may reflect limitations in the methods of selection of hybridoma antibodies or point to important roles for the diverse carbohydrate structures as receptors for regulators of cell growth and differentiation.
Abstract: The hope that hybridoma antibodies would reveal unique cell surface antigens during embryogenesis, differentiation and oncogenesis has been replaced by the realization that such antigens are mainly carbohydrate structures of glycoproteins and glycolipids occurring in many cell types. These findings either may reflect limitations in the methods of selection of hybridoma antibodies or may point to important roles for the diverse carbohydrate structures as receptors for regulators of cell growth and differentiation.
1,156 citations
TL;DR: A striking evolutionary pattern in the expression of alpha-galactosyl epitopes on mammalian nucleated cells is observed, and an anomalous activity of this enzyme in man may result in initiation of autoimmune diseases because of the de novo expression of Gal alpha 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc-R epitopes recognized by anti-Gal.
915 citations