scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Journal ArticleDOI

GMES Sentinel-1 mission

TL;DR: The unique data availability performance of the Sentinel-1 routine operations makes the mission particularly suitable for emergency response support, marine surveillance, ice monitoring and interferometric applications such as detection of subsidence and landslides.
About: This article is published in Remote Sensing of Environment.The article was published on 2012-05-15. It has received 1260 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Mission control center & Data quality.
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the main 3D printing methods, materials and their development in trending applications was carried out in this paper, where the revolutionary applications of AM in biomedical, aerospace, buildings and protective structures were discussed.
Abstract: Freedom of design, mass customisation, waste minimisation and the ability to manufacture complex structures, as well as fast prototyping, are the main benefits of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing. A comprehensive review of the main 3D printing methods, materials and their development in trending applications was carried out. In particular, the revolutionary applications of AM in biomedical, aerospace, buildings and protective structures were discussed. The current state of materials development, including metal alloys, polymer composites, ceramics and concrete, was presented. In addition, this paper discussed the main processing challenges with void formation, anisotropic behaviour, the limitation of computer design and layer-by-layer appearance. Overall, this paper gives an overview of 3D printing, including a survey on its benefits and drawbacks as a benchmark for future research and development.

4,159 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the GMES Sentinel-2 mission including a technical system concept overview, image quality, Level 1 data processing and operational applications is provided.

2,517 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A multilevel DL architecture that targets land cover and crop type classification from multitemporal multisource satellite imagery outperforms the one with MLPs allowing us to better discriminate certain summer crop types.
Abstract: Deep learning (DL) is a powerful state-of-the-art technique for image processing including remote sensing (RS) images. This letter describes a multilevel DL architecture that targets land cover and crop type classification from multitemporal multisource satellite imagery. The pillars of the architecture are unsupervised neural network (NN) that is used for optical imagery segmentation and missing data restoration due to clouds and shadows, and an ensemble of supervised NNs. As basic supervised NN architecture, we use a traditional fully connected multilayer perceptron (MLP) and the most commonly used approach in RS community random forest, and compare them with convolutional NNs (CNNs). Experiments are carried out for the joint experiment of crop assessment and monitoring test site in Ukraine for classification of crops in a heterogeneous environment using nineteen multitemporal scenes acquired by Landsat-8 and Sentinel-1A RS satellites. The architecture with an ensemble of CNNs outperforms the one with MLPs allowing us to better discriminate certain summer crop types, in particular maize and soybeans, and yielding the target accuracies more than 85% for all major crops (wheat, maize, sunflower, soybeans, and sugar beet).

1,155 citations


Cites background from "GMES Sentinel-1 mission"

  • ...During the 2013–2016 period, several optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) RS satellites were launched with high spatial resolution (10–30 m), in particular Sentinel-1A/B and Sentinel-2A within the European Copernicus program [1], [2], and Landsat-8 within the Landsat Project, a joint initiative between the U....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper provides a review of the main PSI algorithms proposed in the literature, describing the main approaches and the most important works devoted to single aspects of PSI, and discusses the main open PSI problems and the associated future research lines.
Abstract: Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) is a powerful remote sensing technique able to measure and monitor displacements of the Earth’s surface over time. Specifically, PSI is a radar-based technique that belongs to the group of differential interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). This paper provides a review of such PSI technique. It firstly recalls the basic principles of SAR interferometry, differential SAR interferometry and PSI. Then, a review of the main PSI algorithms proposed in the literature is provided, describing the main approaches and the most important works devoted to single aspects of PSI. A central part of this paper is devoted to the discussion of different characteristics and technical aspects of PSI, e.g. SAR data availability, maximum deformation rates, deformation time series, thermal expansion component of PSI observations, etc. The paper then goes through the most important PSI validation activities, which have provided valuable inputs for the PSI development and its acceptability at scientific, technical and commercial level. This is followed by a description of the main PSI applications developed in the last fifteen years. The paper concludes with a discussion of the main open PSI problems and the associated future research lines.

661 citations


Cites background or methods from "GMES Sentinel-1 mission"

  • ...This allows studying wide areas (e.g. 100 by 100 km with single frames of StripMap ERS and Envisat, 250 by 250 km with single frames of the Interferometric Wide Swath of Sentinel-1), thus getting a global outlook of the deformation phenomena in the imaged areas....

    [...]

  • ...(2009) and various works have been devoted to the study of the characteristics of the TOPS SAR data acquired by Sentinel-1 (Torres et al., 2012; Rucci et al., 2012)....

    [...]

  • ...Considering their wavelength and revisiting time, the maximum differential deformation rate measurable is 14.7, 25.7, 42.6 and 46.8 cm/yr for Envisat, TerraSAR-X, Sentinel-1 and ALOS, respectively....

    [...]

  • ...The differences between the interferometric processing of StripMap and Spotlight SAR data are described in Eineder et al. (2009) and various works have been devoted to the study of the characteristics of the TOPS SAR data acquired by Sentinel-1 (Torres et al., 2012; Rucci et al., 2012)....

    [...]

  • ...At the time of writing this review, there are several active SAR missions: the four-satellite CosmoSkyMed constellation (X-band), TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X (X-band), Sentinel-1 (C-band), Radarsat-2 (C-band) and ALOS-2 (L-band)....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jun 2020
TL;DR: The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) was launched to the International Space Station in late 2018 to provide high-quality measurements of forest vertical structure in temperate and tropical forests between 51.6° N & S latitude as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Obtaining accurate and widespread measurements of the vertical structure of the Earth’s forests has been a long-sought goal for the ecological community. Such observations are critical for accurately assessing the existing biomass of forests, and how changes in this biomass caused by human activities or variations in climate may impact atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Additionally, the three-dimensional structure of forests is a key component of habitat quality and biodiversity at local to regional scales. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) was launched to the International Space Station in late 2018 to provide high-quality measurements of forest vertical structure in temperate and tropical forests between 51.6° N & S latitude. The GEDI instrument is a geodetic-class laser altimeter/waveform lidar comprised of 3 lasers that produce 8 transects of structural information. Over its two-year nominal lifetime GEDI is anticipated to provide over 10 billion waveforms at a footprint resolution of 25 ​m. These data will be used to derive a variety of footprint and gridded products, including canopy height, canopy foliar profiles, Leaf Area Index (LAI), sub-canopy topography and biomass. Additionally, data from GEDI are used to demonstrate the efficacy of its measurements for prognostic ecosystem modeling, habit and biodiversity studies, and for fusion using radar and other remote sensing instruments. GEDI science and technology are unique: no other space-based mission has been created that is specifically optimized for retrieving vegetation vertical structure. As such, GEDI promises to advance our understanding of the importance of canopy vertical variations within an ecological paradigm based on structure, composition and function.

449 citations

References
More filters
Reference EntryDOI
27 Dec 1999
TL;DR: The sections in this article are==================�€�€€ Æ£££€££ ££€ ££ £€ £ £ £€£ £ ££ €££ € £££ $££
Abstract: The sections in this article are 1 Radiometers 2 Radar Scattering 3 Radar Scatterometers 4 Radar Altimeters 5 Ground-Penetrating Radars 6 Imaging Radars 7 Real-Aperture Radars 8 Synthetic-Aperture Radars

1,093 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A novel (according to the authors' knowledge) type of scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) that solves the problems of scalloping and azimuth-varying ambiguities is introduced, with the name terrain observation with progressive scan (TOPS).
Abstract: In this paper, a novel (according to the authors' knowledge) type of scanning synthetic aperture radar (ScanSAR) that solves the problems of scalloping and azimuth-varying ambiguities is introduced. The technique employs a very simple counterrotation of the radar beam in the opposite direction to a SPOT: hence, the name terrain observation with progressive scan (TOPS). After a short summary of the characteristics of the ScanSAR technique and its problems, TOPSAR, which is the technique of design, the limits, and a focusing technique are introduced. A synthetic example based on a possible future system follows

668 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Airborne C- and L-band synthetic aperture radar images were acquired for three test sites over different sea ice regimes around Svalbard in March 2007 to use the high-resolution low-noise radar data for investigations on the technical performance of European Space Agency's Sentinel-1 mission for sea ice mapping and to assess the potential gain of additional use of L- band SAR data currently available from Advanced Land Observing Satellite.
Abstract: Airborne C- and L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images were acquired for three test sites over different sea ice regimes around Svalbard in March 2007, complemented by optical imagery, environmental data, and ice observations. One objective was to use the high-resolution low-noise radar data for investigations on the technical performance of European Space Agency's Sentinel-1 mission for sea ice mapping, the other to assess the potential gain of additional use of L-band SAR data currently available from Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS). The airborne SAR images were employed to simulate data products resembling the interferometric wide-swath mode (IWSM) of Sentinel-1 and ALOS PALSAR fine resolution mode (FRM) in order to quantify the information loss due to the higher noise level and coarser spatial resolution. At the IWSM noise level, zones of deformation, level ice, and new ice can be well separated at like-polarization. At cross-polarization, the noise level is too high for a robust automated classification including thin ice, but deformed and level ice can be discriminated. PALSAR FRM is on average better suited to distinguish deformed and level ice over all ice regimes. It was worse for separating new from thicker level ice at two test sites. For the third test site with very few patches of new ice, the PALSAR FRM showed larger intensity contrasts between new and level ice than Sentinel-1 IWSM. The spatial resolution provided by the IWSM and FRM is sufficient to identify most ice features and types without ambiguities. Typical characteristics of the imaged ice regimes are described.

90 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The letter introduces a novel quantizer suited for medium to high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, like the forthcoming SENTINEL-1 SAR, by adaptively tuning the quantizer rate according to the local signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR).
Abstract: The letter introduces a novel quantizer suited for medium to high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, like the forthcoming SENTINEL-1 SAR. The Flexible Dynamic Block Adaptive Quantization (FDBAQ) extends the concept of the Block Adaptive Quantization (BAQ), used in spaceborne SAR since the Magellan mission, by adaptively tuning the quantizer rate according to the local signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). A design is presented aiming to optimize the average bit-rate, while constraining the minimum SNR. FDBAQ optimized performance is then evaluated using backscatter maps derived from ENVIronment SATellite (ENVISAT) data.

43 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
12 Jul 2009
TL;DR: The approach and activities being undertaken in the development of a Data Utilization Plan are outlined to ensure that the Canadian user departments and agencies will be ready to use data from the RCM on Day 1 of the launch of the first satellite.
Abstract: In this paper, we describe the high level RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) concept and how it is being designed to meet Government of Canada user requirements. The constellation concept is designed primarily as a wide area monitoring system, offering medium resolution information on a daily basis, as well as high resolution imaging functionality. We briefly discuss the unique capabilities of the constellation particularly related to coverage and revisit as it pertains to meeting the needs of each of the three Core Use Area applications. Finally, we outline the approach and activities being undertaken in the development of a Data Utilization Plan to ensure that the Canadian user departments and agencies will be ready to use data from the RCM on Day 1 of the launch of the first satellite.

11 citations