Gobierno y administración de sistemas de riego
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the caracterización de la administración in sistemas de riego de una extension determinada (e.g., a sistema de conocimiento local) is influenced by the locus de autoridad (Estado/regantes).
Abstract: La propuesta es diferenciar gobierno y administracion en los sistemas de riego, argumentando que el analisis que permite la caracterizacion de esta ultima no se puede realizar observando unicamente el locus de autoridad. Desde la perspectiva de la administracion, hay casos de autogobierno en que los regantes mismos realizan todas las tareas con base en sistemas de conocimiento local, otros en que toda la administracion se encuentra a cargo de personal contratado. Hay casos de administracion burocratica y tecnocratica en sistemas con distinto locus de autoridad (Estado/regantes). Ademas, se propone que mientras el autogobierno de sistemas de riego no parece tener limites de tamano, la administracion sin burocracia ni personal especializado parece estar acotada a sistemas de riego de una extension determinada. No obstante, se argumenta que el gobierno influye sobre el caracter de la administracion, dado que su descentralizacion disminuye o evita que sea burocratica/tecnocratica.
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TL;DR: This paper presents a state of the art on some selected socioeconomic subjects as they appear in the irrigation literature, and analyzes the way in which they are conceived, thought and articulated with the more “technical” factors of irrigation.
Abstract: “Knowledge Assessment on Sustainable Water Resources Management for Irrigation” (KASWARMI) project made evident cases of unsuccessful or non sustainable irrigation experiences that could only be explained by the underestimation of deep socioeconomic issues. This involves not only the social factors related to the implementation/ adoption of new or better technologies by a wide spectrum of users but also the way in which water use and irrigation projects are conceived, planned and implemented by scientists, politicians and practitioners. The project was interested in assessing the social science inputs irrigation specialists receive. With this objective, this paper presents a state of the art on some selected socioeconomic subjects as they appear in the irrigation literature, and analyzes the way in which they are conceived, thought and articulated with the more “technical” factors of irrigation. This should be useful to raise new avenues of research and to enhance articulation of “technical” and social science approaches in quest of a more close to sustainability irrigation practices. A first search covered eight of the most prestigious journals devoted to irrigation subjects. After this search yielded meager results in terms of the amount of papers found, a new search was conducted, without restraining to specific journals but moving freely with a deliberate thematic purpose. The results showed less socioeconomic issues than desirable in the papers within easy reach of irrigation engineers, a meager presence of Latin American cases and an approach to socioeconomic subjects that lack comprehensiveness, as they did not appear to be fully articulated with the technical subjects of irrigation.
7 citations
30 Sep 2015
TL;DR: Maass, T. F. Glick and E. Ostrom as discussed by the authors present a propuesta teorica that mantiene plena vigencia, siendo valida para seguir guiando future investigations.
Abstract: En este trabajo se confrontan las conocidas propuestas de A. Maass, T. F. Glick y E. Ostrom, sobre las caracteristicas del gobierno de las acequias valencianas y la gestion hidraulica en ellas realizada, con informaciones procedentes de los numerosos estudios sobre los regadios de esta zona mediterra- nea publicados desde los anos ochenta. El cotejo arroja como balance que el nucleo explicativo compartido por los tres autores glosados (gran virtualidad de la autonomia local de que gozaron los colectivos de usuarios de las aguas, quienes rigieron las acequias, articulandose con instituciones municipales y oficiales de la monarquia), se manifiesta como una propuesta teorica que mantiene plena vigencia, siendo valida para seguir guiando futuras investigaciones. Pero, al mismo tiempo, se pone de relieve que existen aspectos concretos (tales como la supuesta composicion campesina de las comunidades de regantes, el caracter democratico de las entidades hidraulicas o la ultraestabilidad que se atribuye a las instituciones que regian el manejo del agua) que deben someterse a debate, puesto que no se constata su vigencia en el conjunto de huertas a lo largo de los siglos xiii-xviii
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a preliminary exploration of the impact of Mexican anthropology in Catalonia in the last third of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century, with special attention to the work of professionals in the Mexican anthropological sciences, derived from the Spanish republican exile, is presented.
Abstract: This article constitutes a preliminary exploration, of an eminently biographical nature, of a longer project that seeks to analyse the impact of Mexican anthropology in Catalonia in the last third of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century, with special attention to the work of professionals in the Mexican anthropological sciences, derived from the Spanish republican exile. After a first section dedicated to the presentation of the process of introducing anthropology at the University of Barcelona, around the figure of Claudi Esteva Fabregat, a second section is dedicated to the characterisation of the social and institutional environment in which the arrival of the exiles to Mexico is framed.
This is followed by a presentation of the foundational role played by Pere Bosch i Gimpera and Joan Comas i Camps, exiled at the zenith of their academic careers. The following sections address the biography and major contributions of young exiles educated in Mexico (ENAH and UNAM), who had come from Barcelona (Angel Palerm, Claudi Esteva and Pedro Armillas), Valencia (Santiago Genoves), Madrid (Pedro Carrasco, Jose L. Lorenzo and Carmen Viqueira) and Logrono (Enrique Nalda). They all become essential figures in anthropology in the second half of the twentieth century. We also report on the work of eight members of the second generation who were children of exiles: Gloria Artis Espriu, Gloria Artis Mercadet, Armando Bartra, Roger Bartra, Andres Fabregas, Jordi Gussinyer and finally Jacinta and Juan Vicente Palerm. The text concludes with examples of existing bilateral connections.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative method between types of organizations and between modulos, as well as the ethnographic method (at the modulo) is used to characterize distinctive features and explore the presence of informal local organizations.
Abstract: The irrigation districts water user associations (modulos) have features that differ from those of, also self-governed, traditional irrigation organizations. The first objective of this article is to characterize distinctive features. The second objective is to explore, in the modulos, the presence of informal local organizations. The comparative method (between types of organizations and between modulos) as well as the ethnographic method (at the modulos) is used. The results encompass characterization of distinctive features and fact based determination of presence of local organizations in the modulos. The case studies of modulos, in relation to the universe of irrigation districts, are limited. However, the approach is novel, few studies contrast organizational types and there are few ethnographies from the local viewpoint for the modulos. It is shown that there are substantive differences between the organizational types, and that despite the rigidity and centralization of the organizational design of the modulos, there is local organizational effervescence.
2 citations
01 Jan 2022
2 citations
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TL;DR: In a follow-up article, Hunt as mentioned in this paper pointed out that Price is interested in the evolution of the state and wants to hold on to the hydraulic hypothesis in that process, which is contrary to what most scholars think.
Abstract: David H. Price has several objections to my 1988 article in this journal. I disagree with almost all of his objections and will spell out exactly why. His final point of disagreement with me concerns my measuring of the charter of authority for several large irrigation systems. My results in 1988 are strongly counterintuitive, and I will take this opportunity to expand on the reasons for my interpretations of the observations. Basically, Price objects that I set up Wittfogel's hydraulic hypothesis as a straw man for my study and mismeasured a number of cases in my original sample of fifteen. Each of these objections is the result of Price's careless reading, most certainly of my writing, but also of some of the other irrigation literature. Price is interested in the evolution of the state and wants to hold on to the hydraulic hypothesis in that process. He correctly notes that some scholars think that the hydraulic hypothesis has been refuted. Price makes the mistake almost everybody else has made, of reading the hydraulic hypothesis as an irngation hypothesis. For example, Price refers to "hydraulic societies," whereas "irrigation societies" appears twice in the next paragraph, along with "centralized irrigation" and "decentralized irrigation." As I wrote in 1988, William Mitchell had pointed out the confusion fifteen years earlier (Hunt 1988b:336). Price should read Mitchell (1973), reread Wittfogel, and then rethink his evolutionary project. The role of water in the evolution of the state is an old one and worth thinking about again. It treats two questions-the agricultural surplus due to irrigation (V. Gordon Childe) and the organization of labor for hydraulic works (Karl Wittfogel). The size of the agricultural surplus made possible by hydraulic agriculture needs careful empirical attention. The labor question is now generally regarded as closed. I suggest that we might want to reopen it. Wittfogel's hydraulic state certainly had to deal with flood control, as well as with irrigation. Almost every anthropologist, archaeologist, and historian who has dealt with the issue has concentrated on irrigation. I have argued that flood control may have been extremely important in Mesopotamia (Ur III, c. 2200 B.C.E.; Hunt 1988a). We know a fair amount about irrigation organization and virtually nothing about flood control. We may find that a return to the labor aspect of the hydraulic hypothesis in the evolution of the state will be productive. Price claims that the topic of my 1988 Journal paper is the evolution of the
6 citations
01 Jan 2004
5 citations
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this paper, Johnson, S. H., Vermillion, D. L., Sagardoy, J. A., Sagaroy et al. (1994) published a collection of selected papers from the International Conference on Irrigation Management Transfer, Wuhan, China, 20-24 September 1994.
Abstract: In Johnson, S. H.; Vermillion, D. L.; Sagardoy, J. A. (Eds.). Irrigation management transfer: selected papers from the International Conference on Irrigation Management Transfer, Wuhan, China, 20-24 September 1994. Rome, Italy: FAO
4 citations