Grain growth behaviour of an α/β brass
01 Feb 1991-Journal of Materials Science Letters (Kluwer Academic Publishers)-Vol. 10, Iss: 3, pp 139-140
TL;DR: In this article, the grain growth behavior of an α/β brass, which is known to be superplastic, was studied during static annealing as a function of temperature and time.
Abstract: In the present work, the grain growth behaviour of an α/β brass, which is known to be superplastic, was studied during static annealing as a function of temperature and time
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of grain growth on hardness at ambient temperature was found to follow the H-P type relationship, which is explained by concurrent evolution of texture and grain boundary structure.
30 citations
TL;DR: Grain and phase growth in two-phase Al-Cu alloys containing 6, 11, 1 7, 24 and 33 wt % Cu were investigated by annealing at 535 °C for 0.5-100 h as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Grain and phase growth in the two-phase Al-Cu alloys containing 6, 11, 1 7, 24 and 33 wt % Cu were investigated by annealing at 535 °C for 0.5–100 h. The grain and phase sizes of the κ phase are seen to be larger than that of the θ phase. The size ofκ phase decreases whereas the size of θ phase increases with increasing copper content in the alloy. As such, the κ phase- and grain-size distributions are broader than the θ phase- and grain-size distributions, but the size range depends on annealing time and alloy composition. The grain sizes of the κ,d
κ, and θ,d
θ, phases can be related to the volume fraction of the θ phase,f
θ, according to the equationd
κ = 0.497d
θ/f
θ.
10 citations
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01 Jan 1949
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an X-ray analysis of metallic materials and their properties, such as elastic properties, damping capacity and shape memory alloys, as well as their properties of metal and alloys.
Abstract: General physical and chemical constants X-ray analysis of metallic material Crystallography Crystal chemistry Metallurgically important minerals Thermochemical data Physical properties of molton salts Metallography Equilibrium diagrams Gas-metal systems Diffusion in metals General physical properties Elastic properties, damping capacity and shape memory alloys Temperature measurement and thermoelectric properties Radiating properties of metals Electron emission Electrical properties Magnetic materials and their properties Mechanical testing Mechanical properties of metals and alloys Sintered materials Lubricants Friction and wear Casting alloys and foundry data Engineering ceramics and refractory materials Fuels Heat treatment Metal cutting and forming Corrosion Electroplating and metal finishing Welding Soldering and brazing Vapour deposited coatings and thermal spraying Superplasticity Metal-matrix composites Non-conventional and emerging metallic minerals modelling and simulation supporting technologies for the processing of metals and alloys.
3,593 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the shape of the log stress-log strain rate curve for the Al-33 wt pct Cu eutectic alloy was examined and the inherent grain growth of the very fine grains which occurs during deformation, and the strain dependence of m at low strains, were shown to be the causes of the familiar shape of log stresslog strain curve for Al-Cu alloy.
Abstract: The usual method of measuring the strain rate sensitive ‘m’ values of superplastic materials through differential cross-head speed is found to result in improperly definedm values;m is found to depend strongly on the strain to which the material is subjected, especially at low strains. In this connection, the shape of the log stress-log strain rate curve is examined for the Al-33 wt pct Cu eutectic alloy. The inherent grain growth of the very fine grains which occurs during deformation, and the strain dependence ofm at low strains, are shown to be the causes of the familiarS shape of the log stress-log strain rate curves for the Al-Cu alloy. At high strains (15 to 20 pct and higher) where the stress is no longer importantly strain sensitive, the log stress-log strain rate curve is a straight line of slope near 0.5. The elongation at fracture also does not go through a maximum but continues to increase slowly to the lowest strain rate examined: 10-7 per s.
138 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the kinetics of grain growth in a Zn-22% Al alloy during static annealing and superplastic deformation (SPD) were studied.
126 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the growth process is presented as a two-way diffusion process where the solvent and the solute atoms move in opposite directions resulting in conversion of α to β and β to α leading to the growth of the particles.
Abstract: Isothermal particle growth studies were carried out on several Ti−Mn and T−V alloys consisting of varying amounts of α and β phases at 973 K. It was found that the particle growth kinetics of the α and the β phases could be represented by simple equations in terms of time and volume percents of the phases. The growth process is presented as a two-way diffusion process where the solvent and the solute atoms move in opposite directions resulting in conversion of α to β and β to α leading to the growth of the particles. The Lifshitz-Wagner-Slyozov theory, which considers only solute diffusion for growth of particles, is slightly modified to incorporate the diffusion of both solute and solvent into the growth equation. The observation of the growth kinetics indicated that, under identical conditions, the growth of α particles in a β matrix was faster than the growth of β particles in an α matrix. Furthermore, for identical conditions, the growth kinetics of Ti−Mn alloys are faster than those of the Ti−V alloys. While the faster kinetics are consistent with higher bulk interdiffusivities of the Ti−Mn system, the magnitude of the difference is much smaller than that expected from the bulk interdiffusivity considerations. In addition, it was found that the growth exponent,n, values are in between the theoretically predictedn values for grain boundary diffusion control and bulk diffusion control. Based on these observations, it is suggested that a mixed mode diffusion mechanism consisting of bulk diffusion as well as grain boundary diffusion is controlling the growth process at 973 K. Details of the investigation and various growth models for α-β titanium alloys are presented.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a microduplex stainless steel was investigated to examine grain growth during static annealing and superplastic deformation at 1000° C. The grain size at a constant strain rate of 1×10−4 sec−1 increases according to d∼8t 0.19e0.49 where d is the grain size and t is the time involved in deformation.
Abstract: A microduplex stainless steel (25.7 wt% Cr-6.6 wt% Ni) was investigated to examine grain growth during static annealing and superplastic deformation at 1000° C. The grain size at a constant strain rate of 1×10−4 sec−1 increases according to d∼8t
0.49 where d is the grain size and t is the time (in min) involved in deformation. Under the present test condition, the contribution of both static (time, t
S) and dynamic (strain, e) annealing appear to be significant and can be expressed by d∞
0.19e0.29. While the exponent of the first term is constant, the exponent of the second term may depend on the strain rate. Strain rate sensitivities were evaluated from differential strain rate tests for different initial grain sizes. Both strain rate sensitivity and grain size were noticed to increase with deformation.
22 citations