Graphene as a new sorbent in analytical chemistry
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorptive properties of G and GO and their application in preconcentrating organic compounds and trace-metal ions, including trace analysis of water, food, biological and environmental samples using chromatography and spectroscopy techniques are discussed.
Abstract: In the past three years, we have seen intense interest grow in graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) as new sorbents in analytical chemistry. This article focuses on the adsorptive properties of G and GO and their application in preconcentrating organic compounds and trace-metal ions, including trace analysis of water, food, biological and environmental samples using chromatography and spectroscopy techniques. Some methods of modification or chemical functionalization of G and GO are also discussed. The article shows that G, GO and their derivatives or composites can be very attractive as sorbents due to their adsorption capacities being much higher than those of any of the currently reported sorbents.
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TL;DR: This critical review assesses the recent developments in the use of graphene-based materials as sorbent or photocatalytic materials for environmental decontamination, as building blocks for next generation water treatment and desalination membranes, and as electrode materials for contaminant monitoring or removal.
Abstract: Graphene-based materials are gaining heightened attention as novel materials for environmental applications The unique physicochemical properties of graphene, notably its exceptionally high surface area, electron mobility, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength, can lead to novel or improved technologies to address the pressing global environmental challenges This critical review assesses the recent developments in the use of graphene-based materials as sorbent or photocatalytic materials for environmental decontamination, as building blocks for next generation water treatment and desalination membranes, and as electrode materials for contaminant monitoring or removal The most promising areas of research are highlighted, with a discussion of the main challenges that we need to overcome in order to fully realize the exceptional properties of graphene in environmental applications
1,158 citations
TL;DR: Recently, carbonaceous nanofillers such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) play a promising role due to their better structural, functional properties and broad range of applications in every field as mentioned in this paper.
1,097 citations
TL;DR: In this article, various nanomaterials have been reviewed which have been used for water decontamination and a review has been given on adsorption, photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of nanommaterials.
910 citations
TL;DR: A review of the most important features and application of formats and devices employed in solid phase extraction (SPE) can be found in this paper, where special attention was paid on new trapping media proposed in SPE prior the chromatography analysis, based on the use of nanostructured materials.
Abstract: Based on the recently published literature, this review provides an update of the most important features and application of formats and devices employed in solid phase extraction (SPE). Special attention was paid on new trapping media proposed in SPE prior the chromatography analysis, based on the use of nanostructured materials, including carbon nanomaterials, electrospun nanofibers, dendrimes and magnetic nanoparticles, molecular recognition sorbents, as aptamers, immunosorbents, molecular imprinted polymers, ion imprinting polymers, metal-organic frameworks and restricted access materials. Discussions on the present limitations as well as expected future trends of the new trapping media in sample preparation for the improvement of the analytical determinations were made. Moreover, application of SPE for the extraction of different kind of materials; such as biological, environmental, pharmaceutical and food samples was summarized.
445 citations
TL;DR: A broad overview of the recent advances and applications of SPSs in sample preparation prior to chromatographic analysis, during the period 2008-13, can be found in this article, focusing on solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion and stir-bar sorptive extraction of typical pollutants in environmental, biological, food and pharmaceutical samples.
Abstract: Sample preparation is a crucial bottleneck in the whole analytical process. Solid-phase sorbents (SPSs) have aroused increasing interest in research on sample preparation, as they have key roles in obtaining high clean-up and enrichment efficiency in the analysis of trace targets present in complex matrices. The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the recent advances and applications of SPSs in sample preparation prior to chromatographic analysis, during the period 2008-13. We include SPSs, such as molecularly-imprinted polymers, carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles and metal organic frameworks, focusing on solid-phase extraction, solid-phase microextraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion and stir-bar sorptive extraction of typical pollutants in environmental, biological, food and pharmaceutical samples. We propose remaining challenges and future perspectives to improve development of new SPSs and to apply them further. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
298 citations
Cites methods from "Graphene as a new sorbent in analyt..."
...reviewed the adsorptive properties of G and GO and their applications in preconcentrating organic compounds and tracemetal ions by SPE, SPME and magnetic SPE methods, including trace analysis of water, food, biological and environmental samples using chromatography and spectroscopy techniques [150]....
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TL;DR: Monocrystalline graphitic films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect.
Abstract: We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10 13 per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of ∼10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.
55,532 citations
26,456 citations
TL;DR: An improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) is described, finding that excluding the NaNO(3), increasing the amount of KMnO(4), and performing the reaction in a 9:1 mixture of H(2)SO(4)/H(3)PO(4) improves the efficiency of the oxidation process.
Abstract: An improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) is described. Currently, Hummers’ method (KMnO4, NaNO3, H2SO4) is the most common method used for preparing graphene oxide. We have found that excluding the NaNO3, increasing the amount of KMnO4, and performing the reaction in a 9:1 mixture of H2SO4/H3PO4 improves the efficiency of the oxidation process. This improved method provides a greater amount of hydrophilic oxidized graphene material as compared to Hummers’ method or Hummers’ method with additional KMnO4. Moreover, even though the GO produced by our method is more oxidized than that prepared by Hummers’ method, when both are reduced in the same chamber with hydrazine, chemically converted graphene (CCG) produced from this new method is equivalent in its electrical conductivity. In contrast to Hummers’ method, the new method does not generate toxic gas and the temperature is easily controlled. This improved synthesis of GO may be important for large-scale production of GO as well as the ...
9,812 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and related materials (primarily, graphite oxide and its colloidal suspensions and materials made from them), from a materials science perspective.
Abstract: There is intense interest in graphene in fields such as physics, chemistry, and materials science, among others. Interest in graphene's exceptional physical properties, chemical tunability, and potential for applications has generated thousands of publications and an accelerating pace of research, making review of such research timely. Here is an overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and related materials (primarily, graphite oxide and its colloidal suspensions and materials made from them), from a materials science perspective.
8,919 citations
TL;DR: CMG materials are made from 1-atom thick sheets of carbon, functionalized as needed, and here their performance in an ultracapacitor cell is demonstrated, illustrating the exciting potential for high performance, electrical energy storage devices based on this new class of carbon material.
Abstract: The surface area of a single graphene sheet is 2630 m2/g, substantially higher than values derived from BET surface area measurements of activated carbons used in current electrochemical double layer capacitors. Our group has pioneered a new carbon material that we call chemically modified graphene (CMG). CMG materials are made from 1-atom thick sheets of carbon, functionalized as needed, and here we demonstrate in an ultracapacitor cell their performance. Specific capacitances of 135 and 99 F/g in aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively, have been measured. In addition, high electrical conductivity gives these materials consistently good performance over a wide range of voltage scan rates. These encouraging results illustrate the exciting potential for high performance, electrical energy storage devices based on this new class of carbon material.
7,505 citations