Green and high efficient synthesis of triaza‐benzo[b]fluoren‐6‐one derivatives in water under microwave irradiation
TL;DR: Triaza-benzo[b]fluoren-6-one derivatives were synthesized via the three-component reaction of aldehyde, cyclohexane-1,3-dione compound and 2-aminobenzimidazole in water under microwave irradiation as discussed by the authors.
About: This article is published in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry.The article was published on 2008-03-01. It has received 24 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Yield (chemistry).
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TL;DR: In this article, a green approach for the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of tetraheterocyclic benzimidazolo[2,3-b]quinazolinones has been described via the condensation of 2-aminobenzimeridazole or 2-...
Abstract: A practical and green approach for the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of tetraheterocyclic benzimidazolo[2,3-b]quinazolinones has been described via the condensation of 2-aminobenzimidazole or 2-...
76 citations
TL;DR: This novel eco-friendly protocol including several advantages such as avoiding hazardous solvents, reusability of the catalyst, easy work-up, short reaction times, room temperature and mild reaction conditions showed considerable superiority vs. traditional heating or stirring conditions.
72 citations
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: An overview of known multicomponent heterocyclizations using aminoazoles as a key reagent and their rich synthetic potential for obtaining five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocycles is presented in this article.
Abstract: Because of the significant role in biological processes in living cells and the diverse types of physiological activities, heterocyclic compounds are in focus of intense investigations by academic and applied-oriented chemists. Considerably, a scientific renaissance of heterocycles during the last decades is closely related to the development of multicomponent approaches to their synthesis. Multicomponent methodology fundamentally different from two-component or sequential processes together with other innovative synthetic methods like microwave- and ultrasonic- assisted reactions offer some new possibilities in constructing heterocyclic systems with high level of molecular diversity and complexity. An overview of known multicomponent heterocyclizations using aminoazoles as a key reagent and their rich synthetic potential for obtaining five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocycles is presented. A special attention is paid to the tuning of chemo- and regio- and positional selectivity of some reactions as well as to the application of nonclassical activation methods based on microwave and ultrasonic irradiation.
70 citations
TL;DR: Cytotoxicity assessments were undertaken, whereupon it was found that Schiff base 3i and pyrimidobenzimidazoles 4e and 4f did not exhibit cytotoxicity at similar concentrations resembling thus the inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sulfonic acid functionalized SBA-15 (SBA-Pr-SO 3 H) with a pore size of 6 nm was proven to be an efficient heterogeneous nanoporous solid acid catalyst in the green one-pot synthesis of triazoloquinazolinones and benzimidioxinazolinone under solvent free conditions.
48 citations
Cites methods from "Green and high efficient synthesis ..."
...…a few methods for the synthesis of these compounds have been reported using different conditions such as MW radiation (Mourad et al., 2007; Shao et al., 2008), several solvents (Insuasty et al., 2004; Lipson et al., 2003a,b) and catalysts including H6P2W18O62 (Heravi et al., 2008),…...
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TL;DR: This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.
Abstract: Although fire is now rarely used in synthetic chemistry, it was not until Robert Bunsen invented the burner in 1855 that the energy from this heat source could be applied to a reaction vessel in a focused manner. The Bunsen burner was later superseded by the isomantle, oil bath, or hot plate as a source for applying heat to a chemical reaction. In the past few years, heating and driving chemical reactions by microwave energy has been an increasingly popular theme in the scientific community. This nonclassical heating technique is slowly moving from a laboratory curiosity to an established technique that is heavily used in both academia and industry. The efficiency of "microwave flash heating" in dramatically reducing reaction times (from days and hours to minutes and seconds) is just one of the many advantages. This Review highlights recent applications of controlled microwave heating in modern organic synthesis, and discusses some of the underlying phenomena and issues involved.
3,044 citations
2,484 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, microwave-accelerated solventless organic syntheses are summarised and the salient features of these high yield protocols are the enhanced reaction rates, greater selectivity and the experimental ease of manipulation.
1,190 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic theory underlying microwave dielectric heating and collates the data for a wide range of organic solvents which are commmonly used in microwave syntheses.
Abstract: Microwave dielectric heating is rapidly becoming an established procedure in synthetic chemistry. This review summarises the basic theory underlying microwave dielectric heating and collates the dielectric data for a wide range of organic solvents which are commmonly used in microwave syntheses. The loss tangents of the solvents, which may be related to the ability of the solvent to absorb energy in a microwave cavity, depend on the relaxation times of the molecules. These relaxation times depend critically on the nature of the functional groups and the volume of the molecule. Functional groups capable of hydrogenbonding have a particularly strong influence on the relaxation times. The relaxation times of solvents decrease as the temperature of the solvent is increased. Loss tangent data at different microwave frequencies are also presented and discussed.
1,160 citations
TL;DR: In the last decade, there has been increasing recognition that organic reactions carried out in aqueous media may offer advantages over those occurring in organic solvents as discussed by the authors, which is the essence of organic synthesis.
Abstract: Carbon-carbon bond formation is the essence of organic synthesis. Although the well-known Kolbe synthesis was discovered in 1849Ia (the first observation wasmadein 1834byFaraday),'bformorethanacentury, carbon-carbon bond formation in aqueous media has been limited mainly to electrochemical processes and aldol condensation reactions. This is in contrast to the many enzymatic processes that by necessity must occur in an aqueous environment. In the last decade, there has been increasing recognition that organic reactions carried out in aqueous media may offer advantages over those occurring in organic solvents. For example, protection and deprotection processes in organic synthesis can possibly be simplified. This review will survey this area, concentrating mainly on the last decade. The review is organized into three main portions: nonorganometallic reactions, organometallic reactions, and transition-metal-catalyzed organic reactions in aqueous media. The conventional aldol-type and related reactions, stabilized carbanion alkylation reactions, electrochemical reactions as well as bioorganic reactions involving aqueous media and leading to carbon-carbon bond formation will not be included.
1,142 citations