Green synthesis, characterization and hepatoprotective activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from pre-formulated Liv-Pro-08 poly-herbal formulation
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the possibility of synthesizing AgNPs by aqueous extract of pre-formulated Liv-Pro-08 polyherbal formulation and characterized the synthesized AgNs.
Abstract: This study was performed to evaluate the possibility of synthesizing AgNPs by aqueous extract of pre-formulated Liv-Pro-08 polyherbal formulation and characterize the synthesized AgNPs. Moreover, their antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective activity using HePG2 cell line, and performed acute and sub-acute toxicity study on male wistar rats. The aqueous extract of Liv-Pro-08 reduces the AgNO3 into AgNPs. It is primarily identified by the brown color formation in the reaction mix, and the predominant peak was found at 485 nm UV–visible spectrophotometer. The FT-IR analysis results showed that the synthesized phytomolecules capped AgNPs retain four significant functional group peaks correspond to various groups (aromatic amine, alkyne, etc.) of AgNPs. The SEM analysis states that the synthesized AgNPs were in spherical and cubic with 50–70 nm sized. As the Liv-Pro-08 contains significant antioxidant phytochemicals, it showed reasonable antioxidant and reduced power activity with the IC50 values of 711.00 µg mL and 613.75 µg mL correspondingly. The synthesized AgNPs showed an absence of cytotoxicity and possess significant hepatoprotective activity in hepatotoxin (CCl4) exposed HePG2 cell line. The acute and sub-acute toxicity of synthesized AgNPs were studied in male wistar rats. The attained results showed the absence of acute toxicity. Surprisingly, in a sub-acute study, the biomolecule contents were increased in group IV (100 mg kg body weight) treatment than control (untreated). These results suggest that the Liv-Pro-08 synthesized and phytomolecules impregnated AgNPs might be considered for drug delivery-related processes and used as a cure for liver diseases.
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TL;DR: In this article , gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) were created from Trichoderma saturnisporum, the much more productive fungal strain, and compared to gold nanoparticles, Ag-NPs were more effective against pathogenic bacteria.
Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that the emergence of multidrug-resistant and the slow advent of novel and more potent antitumor and antimicrobial chemotherapeutics continue to be of the highest concern for human health. Additionally, the stability, low solubility, and negative effects of existing drugs make them ineffective. Studies into alternative tactics to tackle such tenacious diseases was sparked by anticancer and antibacterial. Silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were created from Trichoderma saturnisporum, the much more productive fungal strain. Functional fungal extracellular enzymes and proteins carried out the activities of synthesis and capping of the generated nano-metals. Characterization was done on the obtained Ag-NPs and Au-NPs through UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and SEM. Additionally, versus methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the antibacterial activities of Ag-NPs and Au-NPs were assessed. In particular, the Ag-NPs were more effective against pathogenic bacteria than Au-NPs. Furthermore, antibiofilm study that shown Au-NPs had activity more than Ag-NPs. Interestingly, applying the DPPH procedure, these noble metallic NPs had antioxidant activity, in which the IC50 for Ag-NPs and Au-NPs was 73.5 μg/mL and 190.0 μg/mL, respectively. According to the cytotoxicity evaluation results, the alteration in the cells was shown as loss of their typical shape, partial or complete loss of monolayer, granulation, shrinking, or cell rounding with IC50 for normal Vero cell were 693.68 μg/mL and 661.24 μg/mL, for Ag-NPs and Au-NPs, respectively. While IC50 for cancer cell (Mcf7) was 370.56 μg/mL and 394.79 μg/mL for Ag-NPs and Au-NPs, respectively. Ag-NPs and Au-NPs produced via green synthesis have the potential to be employed in the medical industry as beneficial nanocompounds.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a site-specific delivery of blackberry leaves extract (BBE) loaded AgNPs to the hepatocyte in IRI and to verify possible molecular mechanisms was achieved.
Abstract: Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a pathophysiological insult that often occurs during liver surgery. Blackberry leaves are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Aims: To achieve site-specific delivery of blackberry leaves extract (BBE) loaded AgNPs to the hepatocyte in IRI and to verify possible molecular mechanisms. Methods: IRI was induced in male Wister rats. Liver injury, hepatic histology, oxidative stress markers, hepatic expression of apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated. Non-targeted metabolomics for chemical characterization of blackberry leaves extract was performed. Key findings: Pre-treatment with BBE protected against the deterioration caused by I/R, depicted by a significant improvement of liver functions and structure, as well as reduction of oxidative stress with a concomitant increase in antioxidants. Additionally, BBE promoted phosphorylation of antiapoptotic proteins; PI3K, Akt and mTOR, while apoptotic proteins; Bax, Casp-9 and cleaved Casp-3 expressions were decreased. LC-HRMS-based metabolomics identified a range of metabolites, mainly flavonoids and anthocyanins. Upon comprehensive virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation, the major annotated anthocyanins, cyanidin and pelargonidin glucosides, were suggested to act as PLA2 inhibitors. Significance: BBE can ameliorate hepatic IRI augmented by BBE-AgNPs nano-formulation via suppressing, oxidative stress and apoptosis as well as stimulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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TL;DR: An expert panel was convened in October 2013 by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to discuss the field of probiotics and the appropriate use and scope of the term probiotic.
Abstract: An expert panel was convened in October 2013 by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to discuss the field of probiotics. It is now 13 years since the definition of probiotics and 12 years after guidelines were published for regulators, scientists and industry by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the WHO (FAO/WHO). The FAO/WHO definition of a probiotic--"live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host"--was reinforced as relevant and sufficiently accommodating for current and anticipated applications. However, inconsistencies between the FAO/WHO Expert Consultation Report and the FAO/WHO Guidelines were clarified to take into account advances in science and applications. A more precise use of the term 'probiotic' will be useful to guide clinicians and consumers in differentiating the diverse products on the market. This document represents the conclusions of the ISAPP consensus meeting on the appropriate use and scope of the term probiotic.
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TL;DR: This review provides an overview of various methods of synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by biological means and indicates that a promising approach to achieve this objective is to exploit the array of biological resources in nature.
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TL;DR: A solution-phase approach has been demonstrated for the large-scale synthesis of silver nanowires with diameters in the range of 30−40 nm, and lengths up to ∼50 μm as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A solution-phase approach has been demonstrated for the large-scale synthesis of silver nanowires with diameters in the range of 30−40 nm, and lengths up to ∼50 μm. The first step of this process involved the formation of Pt (or Ag) nanoparticles by reducing PtCl2 (or AgNO3) with ethylene glycol (EG) heated to ∼160 °C. These Pt (or Ag) nanoparticles could serve as seeds for the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of silver (formed by reducing AgNO3 with EG) because of their close match in crystal structure and lattice constants. In the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), the growth of silver could be directed into a highly anisotropic mode to form uniform nanowires with aspect ratios as high as ∼1000. UV−visible spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, and electron diffraction were used to characterize these silver nanowires, indicating the formation of a highly pure phase, as well as a uniform diameter and bicrystalline structure. Both morphology and aspect ratios of these silver nanostructures could be varie...
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TL;DR: A novel approach to modelling life expectancy, all-cause mortality and cause of death forecasts —and alternative future scenarios—for 250 causes of death from 2016 to 2040 in 195 countries and territories is provided.
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TL;DR: In this article, a simple approach was applied for synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica aqueous leaf extract, which acts both as reducing agent as well as cappi...
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