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Journal ArticleDOI

Green synthesis of nanoparticles and its potential application.

01 Apr 2016-Biotechnology Letters (Biotechnol Lett)-Vol. 38, Iss: 4, pp 545-560
TL;DR: Present review focuses on microbes or plants based green synthesis of Ag, Au, Cu, Fe, Pd, Ru, PbS, CdS, CuO, CeO 2, Fe3O4, TiO2, and ZnO NPs and their potential applications.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is a new and emerging technology with wealth of applications. It involves the synthesis and application of materials having one of the dimensions in the range of 1-100 nm. A wide variety of physico-chemical approaches are being used these days for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). However, biogenic reduction of metal precursors to produce corresponding NPs is eco-friendly, less expensive, free of chemical contaminants for medical and biological applications where purity of NPs is of major concern. Biogenic reduction is a "Bottom Up" approach similar to chemical reduction where a reducing agent is replaced by extract of a natural products with inherent stabilizing, growth terminating and capping properties. Furthermore, the nature of biological entities in different concentrations in combination with reducing organic agents influence the size and shape of NPs. Present review focuses on microbes or plants based green synthesis of Ag, Au, Cu, Fe, Pd, Ru, PbS, CdS, CuO, CeO2, Fe3O4, TiO2, and ZnO NPs and their potential applications.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this review, the perspectives by which metal particles can be integrated from green methods in the perspective of green methods utilized in the NPs combination are covered.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is a developing branch of pharmaceutical sciences wherein the particles extend in nanosizes and turn out to be more responsive when contrasted with their unique counter parts. In the past numerous years, the utilization of synthetic concoctions and physical strategies were in mould; however, the acknowledgment of their toxic impacts on human well-being and condition influenced serious world view for the researchers. Presently, green synthesis is the watch word for the combination of nanoparticles (NPs) by plants or their metabolites. This innovation is particularly compensating as far as decreasing the poisonous quality caused by the conventionally integrated NPs. In this review, we cover the perspectives by which metal particles can be integrated from green methods in the perspective of green methods utilized in the NPs combination. In the green strategies, plant metabolites and natural substances are utilized to orchestrate the NPs for the pharmaceutical and other applications. Some characterization methods are also reviewed along with applications of NPs.

413 citations


Cites background from "Green synthesis of nanoparticles an..."

  • ...Use of more chemicals, which are harmful and toxic for human health and environment, could increase the particle reactivity and toxicity and might cause unwanted adverse effects on health because of their lack of assurance and uncertainty of composition [7]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review discussed about the green biosynthesis of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) and the biomedical applications, which mainly focus on the targeted anticancer drug delivery, and many researches showed the promising results of Fe3O 4-Nps in treating cancer cells via in vitro study.

274 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review summarizes the applications of ZnO NPs as nanofertilizer in crop production and also attempts to examine and record the possible mechanism of antimicrobial activity.
Abstract: Over the past decade, incorporation of nanomaterials into agricultural practices like nanofertilizers and nanopesticides has gained a lot of attention. Progress and application of fertilizers in nanoforms are one of the effective options for considerable improvement of the agricultural yield worldwide. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are considered as a biosafe material for biological species. Earlier studies have shown the potential of ZnO NPs in stimulation of seed germination and plant growth as well as disease suppression and plant protection by its antimicrobial activity. However, both positive and negative effects of ZnO NPs on plant growth and metabolism at various developmental periods have been documented. Uptake, translocation and accumulation of ZnO NPs by plants depend upon the features of NPs as well as the anatomy of the host plant. This review summarizes the applications of ZnO NPs as nanofertilizer in crop production and also attempts to examine and record the possible mechanism of antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs. Biological synthesis of ZnO NPs and their uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants via various routes have also been examined.

258 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Green synthesized silver nanoparticles have strong antioxidant and antibacterial activity due to the presence of bioactive molecules on the surface ofsilver nanoparticles.

216 citations


Cites background from "Green synthesis of nanoparticles an..."

  • ...Further, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are non-toxic to eukaryotic cells including humans, but it has high toxicity against prokaryotic cells such as micro-organisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi [3]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An efficient, facile and green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Tecoma castanifolia leaf extract was reported in this paper, which was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, EDX, XRD and FTIR.

185 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of gold nanoparticles can be found in this article, where the most stable metal nanoparticles, called gold colloids (AuNPs), have been used for catalysis and biology applications.
Abstract: Although gold is the subject of one of the most ancient themes of investigation in science, its renaissance now leads to an exponentially increasing number of publications, especially in the context of emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology with nanoparticles and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). We will limit the present review to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), also called gold colloids. AuNPs are the most stable metal nanoparticles, and they present fascinating aspects such as their assembly of multiple types involving materials science, the behavior of the individual particles, size-related electronic, magnetic and optical properties (quantum size effect), and their applications to catalysis and biology. Their promises are in these fields as well as in the bottom-up approach of nanotechnology, and they will be key materials and building block in the 21st century. Whereas the extraction of gold started in the 5th millennium B.C. near Varna (Bulgaria) and reached 10 tons per year in Egypt around 1200-1300 B.C. when the marvelous statue of Touthankamon was constructed, it is probable that “soluble” gold appeared around the 5th or 4th century B.C. in Egypt and China. In antiquity, materials were used in an ecological sense for both aesthetic and curative purposes. Colloidal gold was used to make ruby glass 293 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 293−346

11,752 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Shouheng Sun1, Christopher B. Murray1, Dieter Weller1, Liesl Folks1, Andreas Moser1 
17 Mar 2000-Science
TL;DR: Thermal annealing converts the internal particle structure from a chemically disordered face- centered cubic phase to the chemically ordered face-centered tetragonal phase and transforms the nanoparticle superlattices into ferromagnetic nanocrystal assemblies that can support high-density magnetization reversal transitions.
Abstract: Synthesis of monodisperse iron-platinum (FePt) nanoparticles by reduction of platinum acetylacetonate and decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in the presence of oleic acid and oleyl amine stabilizers is reported. The FePt particle composition is readily controlled, and the size is tunable from 3- to 10-nanometer diameter with a standard deviation of less than 5%. These nanoparticles self-assemble into three-dimensional superlattices. Thermal annealing converts the internal particle structure from a chemically disordered face-centered cubic phase to the chemically ordered face-centered tetragonal phase and transforms the nanoparticle superlattices into ferromagnetic nanocrystal assemblies. These assemblies are chemically and mechanically robust and can support high-density magnetization reversal transitions.

5,568 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Most of the plants used in metal nanoparticle synthesis are shown in this article, and the advantages of using plant and plant-derived materials for biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles have interested researchers to investigate mechanisms of metal ions uptake and bioreduction by plants, and to understand the possible mechanism of nanoparticle formation in plants.

2,424 citations


"Green synthesis of nanoparticles an..." refers background in this paper

  • ...2013) and can be used for mass production (Iravani 2011)....

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  • ...…reduction of metal precursors to corresponding NPs is eco-friendly (Jayaseelana et al. 2012), sustainable (Gopinath et al. 2014), free of chemical contamination (Chandran et al. 2006; Huang et al. 2007), less expensive (Mittal et al. 2013) and can be used for mass production (Iravani 2011)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown how lattice strain can be used experimentally to tune the catalytic activity of dealloyed bimetallic nanoparticles for the oxygen-reduction reaction, a key barrier to the application of fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
Abstract: Electrocatalysis will play a key role in future energy conversion and storage technologies, such as water electrolysers, fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Molecular interactions between chemical reactants and the catalytic surface control the activity and efficiency, and hence need to be optimized; however, generalized experimental strategies to do so are scarce. Here we show how lattice strain can be used experimentally to tune the catalytic activity of dealloyed bimetallic nanoparticles for the oxygen-reduction reaction, a key barrier to the application of fuel cells and metal-air batteries. We demonstrate the core-shell structure of the catalyst and clarify the mechanistic origin of its activity. The platinum-rich shell exhibits compressive strain, which results in a shift of the electronic band structure of platinum and weakening chemisorption of oxygenated species. We combine synthesis, measurements and an understanding of strain from theory to generate a reactivity-strain relationship that provides guidelines for tuning electrocatalytic activity.

2,375 citations


"Green synthesis of nanoparticles an..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The DLS and EDAX are exercised to analyse the size distribution dispersed in liquid and the elemental constituents of NPs respectively (Jiang et al. 2009; Strasser et al. 2010)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review provides an overview of various methods of synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by biological means and indicates that a promising approach to achieve this objective is to exploit the array of biological resources in nature.

1,827 citations


"Green synthesis of nanoparticles an..." refers background in this paper

  • ...However, enzymes, proteins, sugars, and phytochemicals, like flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, cofactors etc., mainly act as reducing and stabilizing agents (Kaushik et al. 2010; Kharissova et al. 2013)....

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  • ...Unicellular bacteria and extracts of multi-cellular eukaryotes in the reaction processes reduce metal precursors into NPs of desire shapes and sizes (Kaushik et al. 2010)....

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  • ..., mainly act as reducing and stabilizing agents (Kaushik et al. 2010; Kharissova et al. 2013)....

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  • ...Nanoparticles (NPs) having one of the dimension in the range of 1–100 nm act as a bridge between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures (Kaushik et al. 2010)....

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