Q1. What contributions have the authors mentioned in the paper "Grey wolf optimizer author" ?
This work proposes a new meta-heuristic called Grey Wolf Optimizer ( GWO ) inspired by grey wolves ( Canis lupus ). The algorithm is then benchmarked on 29 well-known test functions, and the results are verified by a comparative study with Particle Swarm Optimization ( PSO ), Gravitational Search Algorithm ( GSA ), Differential Evolution ( DE ), Evolutionary Programming ( EP ), and Evolution Strategy ( ES ). The results show that the GWO algorithm is able to provide very competitive results compared to these wellknown meta-heuristics. The paper also considers solving three classical engineering design problems ( tension/compression spring, welded beam, and pressure vessel designs ) and presents a real application of the proposed method in the field of optical engineering.