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Groundwater Hydrology: Conceptual and Computational Models

01 Jan 2003-
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between surface water and groundwater and propose a two-zone model for groundwater flow in multi-aquifer systems, where vertical components of flow are significant.
Abstract: Preface1 IntroductionPART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES2 Background to Groundwater Flow3 Recharge due to Precipitation or Irrigation4 Interaction between Surface Water and GroundwaterPART II: RADIAL FLOW5 Radial Flow to Pumped Boreholes - Fundamental Issues6 Large Diameter Wells7 Radial Flow where Vertical Components of Flow are Significant8 Practical Issues of Interpretation and Assessing ResourcesPART III: REGIONAL GROUNDWATER FLOW9 Regional Groundwater Studies in which Transmissivity is Effectively Constant10 Regional Groundwater Flow in Multi-Aquifer Systems11 Regional Groundwater Flow with Hydraulic Conductivity Varying with Saturated Thickness12 Numerical Modelling InsightsAppendix: Computer Program for Two-zone ModelList of SymbolsReferencesIndex
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a range of predictions are obtained by applying precipitation and temperature change factors, derived from thirteen global climate models, to a distributed recharge model and a groundwater flow model of the Chalk aquifer of the Marlborough and Berkshire Downs and southwest Chilterns in the UK.

149 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the differences between two simulations (with and without channels) of the intensely studied limestone aquifer at Mammoth Cave (Kentucky, USA) and assess long-distance tracer-test results and spring discharges.
Abstract: Laboratory experiments and numerical modeling have shown that dissolution in carbonate aquifers results in high-permeability channel networks. However, the lack of techniques to assess the extent and significance of these channel networks presents a major problem in characterizing carbonate aquifers. This problem was addressed by identifying the differences between two simulations (with and without channels) of the intensely studied limestone aquifer at Mammoth Cave (Kentucky, USA). Long-distance tracer-test results and spring discharges were used for assessing model accuracy as well as head measurements in wells. The channel simulation provided a much better calibration than the homogeneous porous-medium simulation and revealed five important differences: (1) convergent flow to large springs, (2) equipotentials forming troughs, (3) decreases in hydraulic gradient and (4) increases in hydraulic conductivity in a downgradient direction, and (5) substantial scaling effects. These five characteristics are also common in other carbonate aquifers and provide a means of identifying whether a carbonate aquifer is more similar to porous-medium or to karst-aquifer end members.

114 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a salt water lens is found above fresh water under the shore between Dunkerque (France) and Nieuwpoort (Belgium), and the evolution to this water quality distribution is simulated with a density dependent numerical model.
Abstract: A salt water lens is found above fresh water under the shore between Dunkerque (France) and Nieuwpoort (Belgium). This inverse density distribution is in a dynamic equilibrium. It develops due to the infiltration of salt water on the back shore during high tide. Under this salt water lens, water infiltrated in the adjacent dune area flows towards the sea and discharges at the seabed. This water quality distribution differs from the classic salt water wedge under fresh water described in the literature. Here, the evolution to this water quality distribution is simulated with a density dependent numerical model. A large tidal range, shore morphology and a permeable groundwater reservoir are the main conditions for the observed water quality distribution. By altering these conditions, intermediate water quality distributions between the classic salt water wedge and the one discussed here develop. Based on these simulations, it is expected that similar kinds of inverse density distribution could be present in a number of coastal areas, which have tides, a gently sloping shore and a permeable substratum.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two ANN models, one with three input variables (previous groundwater level, temperature and precipitation) and another with two input variables only, were developed to simulate and predict the site-specific supra-permafrost groundwater level on the slope scale.

94 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined different forms of river-aquifer interaction using fine-grid numerical models, which allow the representation of a wide variety of different conditions at the river channel, in the aquifer and on the boundaries of the Aquifer.

94 citations