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Groundwork for the metaphysics of morals

TL;DR: Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals from 1785 is one of the most important and influential texts in the whole history of philosophy as mentioned in this paper, its central purpose is to develop the categorical imperative.
Abstract: Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals from 1785 is one of the most important and influential texts in the whole history of philosophy.Its central purpose is to develop the categorical imperative. The present collected volume contains papers on central theoretical aspects. Key Features: Contributions from leading international authorities in Kant research A reflection of the current state of research together with new aspects
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the antecedents and consequences of ethical leadership are examined, drawing on social learning and moral identity theories, and empirically examining the distinctivenes and distinctiveness of different types of leadership.
Abstract: Drawing on social learning and moral identity theories, this research examines antecedents and consequences of ethical leadership. Additionally, this research empirically examines the distinctivene...

821 citations


Cites background from "Groundwork for the metaphysics of m..."

  • ...…that moral identity motivates leaders to act in ways that demonstrate some responsiveness to the needs and interests of others, an orientation that many philosophers (e.g., Kant, 1948) and psychologists (e.g., Eisenberg, 2000; Gilligan, 1982) consider a defining characteristic of moral behavior....

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Journal ArticleDOI
10 May 2013-Science
TL;DR: This work presents controlled experimental evidence on how market interaction changes how human subjects value harm and damage done to third parties and compares individual decisions to those made in a bilateral and a multilateral market.
Abstract: The possibility that market interaction may erode moral values is a long-standing, but controversial, hypothesis in the social sciences, ethics, and philosophy. To date, empirical evidence on decay of moral values through market interaction has been scarce. We present controlled experimental evidence on how market interaction changes how human subjects value harm and damage done to third parties. In the experiment, subjects decide between either saving the life of a mouse or receiving money. We compare individual decisions to those made in a bilateral and a multilateral market. In both markets, the willingness to kill the mouse is substantially higher than in individual decisions. Furthermore, in the multilateral market, prices for life deteriorate tremendously. In contrast, for morally neutral consumption choices, differences between institutions are small.

389 citations


Cites background from "Groundwork for the metaphysics of m..."

  • ...Whatever has price can be replaced by something elsewhich is equivalent; whatever, on the other hand, is above all price, and therefore admits of no equivalent, has a dignity” (16, 28)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proposed that people anthropomorphize, in part, to satisfy effectance motivation-the basic and chronic motivation to attain mastery of one's environment.
Abstract: People commonly anthropomorphize nonhuman agents, imbuing everything from computers to pets to gods with humanlike capacities and mental experiences. Although widely observed, the determinants of anthropomorphism are poorly understood and rarely investigated. We propose that people anthropomorphize, in part, to satisfy effectance motivation—the basic and chronic motivation to attain mastery of one’s environment. Five studies demonstrated that increasing effectance motivation by manipulating the perceived unpredictability of a nonhuman agent or by increasing the incentives for mastery increases anthropomorphism. Neuroimaging data demonstrated that the neural correlates of this process are similar to those engaged when mentalizing other humans. A final study demonstrated that anthropomorphizing a stimulus makes it appear more predictable and understandable, suggesting that anthropomorphism satisfies effectance motivation. Anthropomorphizing nonhuman agents seems to satisfy the basic motivation to make sense of an otherwise uncertain environment.

379 citations


Cites background from "Groundwork for the metaphysics of m..."

  • ...Kant, I. (2005). Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. In H. J. Paton (Ed.), The moral law: Kant’s groundwork of the metaphysics of morals (pp. 53–148). New York, NY: Hutchinson. (Original work published 1785) Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Napier, J. L., Callan, M. J., & Laurin, K. (2008). God and the government: Testing a compensatory control mechanism for the support of external systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 18–35. Kellert, S. R. (1996). The value of life: Biological diversity and human society. Washington, DC: Island Press. Kelley, H. H. (1967). Attribution theory in social psychology. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 15, pp. 192–240). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Kiesler, S., & Goetz, J. (2002). Mental models and cooperation with robotic assistants. In Proceedings of the ACM CHI’02 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 576–577). Minneapolis, MN: ACM Press. Kirkpatrick, L. A. (1998). God as a substitute attachment figure: A longitudinal study of adult attachment style and religious change in college students. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 961–973. Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Attachment theory and religion: Childhood attachments, religious beliefs, and conversion. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29, 315–334. Koda, T., & Maes, P. (1996). Agents with faces: The effect of personifi-...

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  • ...Kant, I. (2005). Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. In H. J. Paton (Ed.), The moral law: Kant’s groundwork of the metaphysics of morals (pp. 53–148). New York, NY: Hutchinson. (Original work published 1785) Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Napier, J. L., Callan, M. J., & Laurin, K. (2008). God and the government: Testing a compensatory control mechanism for the support of external systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 18–35. Kellert, S. R. (1996). The value of life: Biological diversity and human society. Washington, DC: Island Press. Kelley, H. H. (1967). Attribution theory in social psychology. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 15, pp. 192–240). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Kiesler, S., & Goetz, J. (2002). Mental models and cooperation with robotic assistants. In Proceedings of the ACM CHI’02 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 576–577). Minneapolis, MN: ACM Press. Kirkpatrick, L. A. (1998). God as a substitute attachment figure: A longitudinal study of adult attachment style and religious change in college students. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 961–973. Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Attachment theory and religion: Childhood attachments, religious beliefs, and conversion....

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  • ...Kant, I. (2005). Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. In H. J. Paton (Ed.), The moral law: Kant’s groundwork of the metaphysics of morals (pp. 53–148). New York, NY: Hutchinson. (Original work published 1785) Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Napier, J. L., Callan, M. J., & Laurin, K. (2008). God and the government: Testing a compensatory control mechanism for the support of external systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 18–35. Kellert, S. R. (1996). The value of life: Biological diversity and human society. Washington, DC: Island Press. Kelley, H. H. (1967). Attribution theory in social psychology. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (Vol. 15, pp. 192–240). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. Kiesler, S., & Goetz, J. (2002). Mental models and cooperation with robotic assistants. In Proceedings of the ACM CHI’02 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 576–577). Minneapolis, MN: ACM Press. Kirkpatrick, L. A. (1998). God as a substitute attachment figure: A longitudinal study of adult attachment style and religious change in college students....

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  • ...Kant, I. (2005). Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals. In H. J. Paton (Ed.), The moral law: Kant’s groundwork of the metaphysics of morals (pp. 53–148). New York, NY: Hutchinson. (Original work published 1785) Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Napier, J. L., Callan, M. J., & Laurin, K. (2008). God and the government: Testing a compensatory control mechanism for the support of external systems....

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  • ...Kant, I. (2005). Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In two experiments, infants' looking times and manual choices provide converging evidence suggesting that infants aged 12 to 18 months (mean age 16 months) attend to the outcomes of distributive actions to evaluate agents' actions and to reason about agents' dispositions.
Abstract: The problem of how to distribute available resources among members of a group is a central aspect of social life. Adults react negatively to inequitable distributions and several studies have reported negative reactions to inequity also in non-human primates and dogs. We report two experiments on infants' reactions to equal and unequal distributions. In two experiments, infants' looking times and manual choices provide, for the first time, converging evidence suggesting that infants aged 12 to 18 months (mean age 16 months) attend to the outcomes of distributive actions to evaluate agents' actions and to reason about agents' dispositions. The results provide support for recent theoretical proposals on the developmental roots of social evaluation skills and a sense of fairness.

369 citations

Posted Content
TL;DR: This article developed a model in which a person's behavior is the outcome of an interaction between two systems: a deliberative system that assesses options with a broad, goal-based perspective, and an affective system that encompasses emotions and motivational drives.
Abstract: The economic conception of human behavior assumes that a person has a single set of well-defined goals, and that the person's behavior is chosen to best achieve those goals. We develop a model in which a person's behavior is the outcome of an interaction between two systems: a deliberative system that assesses options with a broad, goal-based perspective, and an affective system that encompasses emotions and motivational drives. Our model provides a framework for understanding many departures from full rationality discussed in the behavioral-economics literature, and captures the familiar feeling of being "of two minds." And by focusing on factors that moderate the relative influence of the two systems, our model also generates a variety of novel testable predictions.

351 citations