Group support for patients with metastatic cancer. A randomized outcome study.
01 May 1981-Archives of General Psychiatry (American Medical Association)-Vol. 38, Iss: 5, pp 527-533
TL;DR: Objective evidence is provided that a supportive group intervention for patients with metastatic cancer results in psychological benefit and mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of this group intervention are explored.
Abstract: • The effects of weekly supportive group meetings for women with metastatic carcinoma of the breast were systematically evaluated in a one-year, randomized, prospective outcome study. The groups focused on the problems of terminal illness, including improving relationships with family, friends, and physicians and living as fully as possible in the face of death. We hypothesized that this intervention would lead to improved mood, coping strategies, and self-esteem among those in the treatment group. Eighty-six patients were tested at four-month intervals. The treatment group had significantly lower mooddisturbance scores on the Profile of Mood States scale, had fewer maladaptive coping responses, and were less phobic than the control group. This study provides objective evidence that a supportive group intervention for patients with metastatic cancer results in psychological benefit. Mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of this group intervention are explored.
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01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: Self-care is defined as any activity which a person learns from others or develops himself, and then maintains through his own efforts as a means of counteracting the physical or psychological effects of disease as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: An important resource in fighting against cancer may be the ability many people have to learn mental techniques for helping themselves. “Self-help” is a description sometimes reserved for mutual aid groups, while “self-care” is applied to ways of coping learned from professionals or initiated and performed alone (1). However, self-help broadly includes any activity which a person learns from others or develops himself, and then maintains through his own efforts as a means of counteracting the physical or psychological effects of disease.
2 citations
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: It is clear that the emotional cost of cancer is high and many have begun to ask whether the distress associated with the diagnosis and treatment can be alleviated by specific supportive therapies.
Abstract: It is clear that the emotional cost of cancer is high (1, 2) and many have begun to ask whether the distress associated with the diagnosis and treatment can be alleviated by specific supportive therapies. Two practical questions arise — to whom should support be directed and what is the most effective method? The former question was discussed in the previous chapter.
2 citations
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: This chapter will review the most relevant and helpful literature on psychological reactions of the terminally ill to impending death, the management of their emotional responses, the psychological management of distressing emotional, behavioural and physical symptoms in the terminals ill, and psychotherapeutic interventions intended to ease the individual through the dying process.
Abstract: This chapter will review the most relevant and helpful literature on psychological reactions of the terminally ill to impending death, the management of their emotional responses, the psychological management of distressing emotional, behavioural and physical symptoms in the terminally ill, and psychotherapeutic interventions intended to ease the individual through the dying process.
2 citations
TL;DR: The Brustkrebs erzwingt geradezu unsere Aufmerksamkeit with seiner hohen Pravalenz as mentioned in this paper, 30% all Krebsneuerkrankungen bei nordamerikanischen Frauen sind BrustKrebs, and er is the zweithaufigste Todesursache bei Frauens in Nordamerika.
Abstract: Der Brustkrebs erzwingt geradezu unsere Aufmerksamkeit mit seiner hohen Pravalenz—30% aller Krebsneuerkrankungen bei nordamerikanischen Frauen sind Brustkrebs—, und er ist die zweithaufigste Todesursache bei Frauen in Nordamerika. Weise nordamerikanische Frauen haben ein Risiko von 1:9, im Laufe ihres Lebens an Brustkrebs zu erkranken. Es gibt zahlreiche Anknupfungspunkte, darunter genetische und familiare Pradisposition, primare Krebserkrankung/Langzeituberleben und rezidivierende oder metastasierende Krankheit. Brustkrebs ist eine Krankheit, bei der jede Form der Krebsbehandlung eingesetzt wird—Chirurgie, Chemotherapie, Bestrahlung, Hormontherapie und die viel versprechenden, kurzlich entwickelten immunologischen Interventionen. Zugleich ist die Brust als Korperteil kulturell hochgradig besetzt und als Symbol der Weiblichkeit, der Attraktivitat, der Sexualitat und der Fortpflanzung aufmerksam und emotional viel beachtet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Anwendung von Gruppenpsychotherapien auf dieses Spektrum klinischer Belange diskutiert.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Abstract: The effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it. Acquisition and performance differ in situations perceived as determined by skill versus chance. Persons may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. This report summarizes several experiments which define group differences in behavior when Ss perceive reinforcement as contingent on their behavior versus chance or experimenter control. The report also describes the development of tests of individual differences in a generalized belief in internal-external control and provides reliability, discriminant validity and normative data for 1 test, along with a description of the results of several studies of construct validity.
21,451 citations
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01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the implications of terminal illness for patients and for those involved in their care were discussed, and patients invited to talk about their experience found great relief in expressing their fear and anger and were able to move towards a state of acceptance and peace.
Abstract: Although most areas of human experience are nowadays discussed freely and openly, the subject of death is still surrounded by conventional attitudes and reticence that offer only fragile comfort because they evade the real issues. The dying may thus be denied the opportunity of sharing their feelings and discussing their needs with family, friends, or hospital staff. Although receiving devoted medical care, a dying patient is often socially isolated and avoided, since professional staff and students can find contact painful and embarrasing.
Aware of the strains imposed on all sides by this situation, Dr Kubler-Ross established a seminar at the University of Chicago to consider the implications of terminal illness for patients and for those involved in their care. Patients invited to talk about their experience often found great relief in expressing their fear and anger and were able to move towards a state of acceptance and peace. The seminar, initially composed of students of medicine, sociology, psychology, and theology, but later joined by hospital staff and relatives of patients, enabled many members to come to terms with their own feelings and to respond constructi to what the patients had to teach them.
5,220 citations
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1,254 citations
TL;DR: A study of 800 outpatient visits to Children's Hospital of Los Angeles as discussed by the authors explored the effect of verbal interaction between doctor and patient on patient satisfaction and follow-through on follow-up.
Abstract: Study of 800 outpatient visits to Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles to explore the effect of the verbal interaction between doctor and patient on patient satisfaction and follow-through on...
947 citations